CIHM 
Microfiche 
Series 
(IMonographs) 


ICIUIH 

Collection  de 
microfiches 
(monographies) 


Canadian  Inttituta  for  Historical  Microroproduction*  /  Institut  Canadian  da  microraproductiont  historiquas 


y 


Technical  and  Bibliographic  Notes  /  Notes  techniques  et  bibliographiques 


The  Institute  has  attempted  to  obtain  the  t)est  original 
copy  available  for  filming.  Featur<>s  of  this  copy  which 
may  be  bibliographically  unique,  which  may  alter  any  of 
the  Images  in  the  reproduction,  or  which  may 
significantly  change  the  usual  method  of  filming  are 
checked  below. 

r~7  Coloured  covers  / 
L^   Couverture  de  couleur 


I      I   Covers  damaged  / 


Couverture  endommag^ 

□   Covers  restored  and/or  laminated  / 
Couverture  restaur^e  et/ou  pellicul^e 

Cover  title  missing  /  Le  titre  de  couverture  manque 

Coloured  maps  /  Cartes  g^ographiques  en  couleur 


[Zf 


Coloured  ink  (i.e.  other  than  blue  or  black)  / 
Encre  de  couleur  (i.e.  autre  que  bleue  ou  noire) 


I      I   Coloured  plates  and/or  illustrations  / 


D 
D 
D 


D 


n 


Planches  et/ou  illustrations  en  couleur 

Bound  with  other  material  / 
Reli6  avec  d'autres  documents 

Only  edition  available  / 
Seule  Edition  disponibie 

Tight  bind'ig  may  cause  shadows  or  distortion  along 
interior  margin  /  La  reliure  serr^e  peut  causer  de 
I'ombre  ou  de  la  distorsion  le  long  de  la  marge 
int^rieure. 

Blank  leaves  added  during  restorations  may  appear 
within  the  text.  Whenever  possible,  these  have  been 
omitted  from  filming  /  II  se  peut  que  certaines  pages 
blanches  ajout^es  lors  d'une  restauration 
apparaissent  dans  le  texte,  mais,  lorsque  cela  ^tait 
possible,  ces  pages  n'ont  pas  6\6  film^es. 

Additional  comments  / 
Commentaires  suppl^mentaires: 


L'Institut  a  microfilmd  le  meilleur  exemplaire  qu'il  lui  a 
6\6  possible  de  se  procurer.  Les  details  de  cet  exem- 
plaire qui  sont  peut-6tre  unkjues  du  point  de  vue  bibll- 
ographk^ue,  qui  peuvent  modifier  une  image  reproduite. 
ou  qui  peuvent  exiger  une  nfKXJificcition  dans  la  m^tho- 
de  normale  de  filmage  sont  indktu^s  ci-dessous. 

I     I  Cok}ured  pages  /  Pages  de  couleur 

I I  Pages  damaged  /  Pages  endommagtes 


D 


Pages  restored  and/or  laminated  / 
Pages  restaurdes  et/ou  pellicultes 


I — y  Pages  discoloured,  stained  or  foxed  / 
Lkd  Pages  dteolortes,  tachet^es  ou  piques 

Pages  detached  /  Pages  d^tach^es 

I  x/q  Showthrough  /  Transparence 

I      I  Quality  of  print  varies  / 


D 
0 


D 


Quality  in^gale  de  I'impresslon 

Includes  supplementary  material  / 
Comprend  du  materiel  suppl^mentaire 

Pages  wholly  or  partially  obscured  by  en-ata  slips, 
tissues,  etc.,  have  t>een  refilmed  to  ensure  the  best 
possible  image  /  Les  pages  totalement  ou 
partiellement  obscurcies  par  un  feuillet  d'errata,  une 
pelure,  etc.,  ont  6t§  filmies  k  nouveau  de  fa^on  k 
obtenir  la  meilleure  image  possible. 

Opposing  pages  with  varying  colouration  or 
discolourations  are  filmed  twice  to  ensure  the  best 
possible  image  /  Les  pages  s'opposant  ayant  des 
colorations  variables  ou  des  d^ccJorations  sont 
film^s  deux  fois  afin  d'obtenir  la  meilleure  image 
possible. 


I- 


.4- 


ThlB  Item  Is  filmed  at  tha  raduction  ratio  checked  below  / 

Ce  document  est  filmi  au  taux  de  rMuetlon  indlqu^  ei'destous. 


lOx 

14x 

18x 

22x 

26x 

30x 

/ 

12x 


16x 


20x 


24x 


28x 


32x 


Th«  copy  filmed  h«r«  has  b««n  raproducad  thanks 
to  tha  ganarosity  of: 

University  of  Western  Ontario, 
Sciences  Library. 


L'axamplaira  film*  fut  raproduit  grica  *  la 
ginirosit*  da: 

University  of  Western  Ontario, 
Sciences  Library. 


Tha  imagan  appearing  hara  ara  tha  bast  quality 
possibia  considaring  tha  condition  and  lagibility 
of  tha  original  copy  and  in  kaaping  with  tha 
filming  contract  apacificationa. 


Original  copias  in  printad  papar  eovara  ara  fllmad 
beginning  with  tha  front  covar  and  ending  on 
the  last  page  with  a  printad  or  illustrated  improa- 
sion.  or  the  back  covar  when  appropriate.  All 
other  original  copiea  ara  filmed  beginning  on  the 
first  page  with  a  printed  or  illuatratad  imprea- 
sion,  and  ending  on  tha  last  page  with  a  printad 
or  illustrated  impreaaion. 


Las  images  suivantes  ont  tti  raproduitas  avac  la 
plus  grand  soin.  compta  tenu  da  la  condition  at 
da  la  neneta  de  rexempiaira  fllma,  at  an 
conformity  avac  las  conditions  du  contrat  da 
filmage. 

Lea  exemplairas  originsux  dont  la  couvartura  an 
papier  eat  imprim4a  sont  filmis  en  commanpant 
par  la  premier  plat  at  an  terminant  soit  par  la 
darniire  page  qui  comporta  una  amprainte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustration,  soit  par  la  second 
plat,  aalon  le  cat.  Tous  las  autres  exemplairas 
originaux  sont  filmis  ^n  commenpant  par  la 
premiere  pege  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impreasion  ou  d'illustration  at  en  terminant  par 
la  derniira  pege  qui  comporte  une  telle 
empreinte. 


The  last  recorded  freme  on  each  microfiche 
shall  contain  the  symbol  ^^  (meening  "CON- 
TINUED ").  or  the  symbol  V  (meaning  "END"), 
whichever  applies. 

Mapa.  plates,  charts,  etc.,  may  be  filmed  at 
different  reduction  ratios.  Those  too  large  to  be 
entirely  included  in  one  axpoaura  are  filmed 
beginning  in  the  upper  left  hond  corner,  left  to 
right  and  top  to  bottom,  as  many  frames  as 
required.  The  following  diagrams  illustrate  the 
method: 


Un  dea  symbolaa  suivants  apparaitra  sur  la 
darniAre  image  de  cheque  microfiche,  salon  le 
cas:  le  symbols  ^^  signifie  "A  SUIVRE".  le 
symbols  V  signifie  "FIN". 

Les  cartaa.  planches,  tableaux,  etc.,  peuvent  dtre 
film4s  A  des  taux  de  reduction  diffarents. 
Lorsque  le  document  est  trop  grand  pour  Atra 
raproduit  en  un  seul  clichi.  il  est  filma  A  partir 
da  Tangle  supArieur  gauche,  de  gauche  A  droits. 
at  de  haut  an  bas,  en  prenant  le  nombre 
d'imegea  nicassaira.  Las  diagrammas  suivants 
illustrent  la  mAthoda. 


1  2  3 

4  5  6 


MiaOCOfY  ItSOlUTION  TBT  CHART 

(ANSI  and  ISO  TEST  CHART  No.  2) 


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1653  Eoit  Main  Strtct 

Rochester.   New  York        U609       USA 

(716)   ^82  -  0300  -  Phor\e 

(716)  2M  -  5989  -  Fox 


Kuu^  ^ .  "^--^ 


llEiNKY  IVITLLS  HI  HJJ 


Til!-.  FIRST  SI  PERINTKNDENT  OF 
'liih    lOliNS   HOPKINS   HOSPn  \L 


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niOMAS  STEPHEN  CIJTXEN 


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HENRY  MILLS  KURD 


THE  FIRST  SUPERINTENDENT  OF 
THE  JOHNS  HOPKINS  HOSPITAL 


ST 

THOBfAS  STEPHEN  CULLEN 


TBI  Johns  Hopkiics  Puss 
Baltimors 

1920 


Muxtaaaat  m.,  v.  ».  *. 


PREFACE 

I  have  written  this  article  at  the  request  of  Judge  Henry  D. 
Harlan,  president  of  the  Board  of  Trusteea  of  the  Hospital, 
and  of  Mr.  George  K.  McGaw,  one  of  the  trustees  of  the  hospi- 
tal— one  of  Dr.  Hurd's  wannest  friends  and  the  donor  of  a 
large  sum  of  money  towards  the  erection  of  the  Heniy  M. 
Hurd  Library  Building  which  is  to  be  on  the  hospital  grounds. 

It  was  my  good  fortune  to  come  to  the  hospital  in  1891,  just 
two  years  after  it  opened.  In  my  early  years  I  viewed  Dr. 
Hurd's  work  from  the  immature  standpoint  of  the  junior 
intern,  later  as  a  senior  house  officer,  and  for  at  least  15  years 
Dr.  Hurd  has  been  one  of  my  very  best  friends. 

I I  has  been  a  delight  to  browse  through  his  early  writings, 
to  digest  the  chief  events  of  the  hospital  as  they  were  sketched 
by  him  in  the  yearly  reports,  and  to  epitomize  the  results  of 
his  labors  since  he  retired  from  the  active  management  of  the 
hospital  in  1911.  I  had  always  looked  upon  Dr.  Hurd  as  an 
indefatigable  worker,  but  until  now  I  have  never  had  the 
slightest  conception  of  the  tremendous  amount  he  has  accom 
plished  and  of  how  largely  he  has  been  responsible  for  f^e 
phenomenal  success  of  The  Johns  Hopkins  Hospital. 

The  addition  of  "Some  Random  Recollections"  written 
by  Dr.  Hurd  himself  will  undoubtedly  prove  of  interest  to 
his  many  friends. 

Thomas  8.  Cxjlles. 


(S) 


tin 


CONTENTS 

CHAFTBB  PAOK 

I.  Earlier  Life 9 

II.  Papers  on  Psychiatry  Prior  to  Residence  In  Baltimore. .  13 

III.  First  Superintendent  of  Tbe  Johns  Hopkins  Hospital. .  16 

IV.  Extracts  from  Annual  Report  of  the  Hospital,  1889 19 

V.  Extracts  from  Annual  Reports,  1890-1897 31 

VI.  Extracts  from  Annual  Reports,  1898-1906 43 

VII.  Extracts  from  Annual  R^orts.  1906-1911 66 

VIII.  RelaUons  with  the  Hospital  Staff 63 

IX.  Papers  Publish  1  while  Superintendent  of  the  Hospital.    69 
X.  Papers  Published  while  Superintendent  of  the  Hospital 

(Concluded)  gl 

XI.  Secretary  of  the  Bofmi  of  Trustees  of  the  Hospital 93 

XII,  Books  written  by  Henry  M.  Hurd 100 

XIII.  Summary II3 

XIV.  Death  of  Qeorge  Keen  McOaw 117 

XV.  Some  Random  Recollections  by  Henry  M.  Hurd 119 

Bibliography  I37 


Kt) 


tailliWpHiyijijiii.iiiiiwiwwii*  i»»n 


ILLUSTRATIONS 

TAoaa 

PASB 

Henry  M.  Hurd Frontispiece 

Henry  M.  Hurd.  1889  18 

Henry  M.  Hurd  and  George  Keen  McOaw  118 

Family  Groups,  1849  and  1868   120 

Family  Groups.  1863  and  1868   124 

Family  Group,  1870,  and  Henry  M.  Hurd,  1874  ISO 


i7» 


»»^te|gjjigg*^^r^^^g^ftS|»affl| 


HENRY  MILLS  HUBD 

TH:'   first  superintendent  of  the  JOHNS 
HOPKINS  HOSPITAL 

Bt  THOMAS  S.  CULLEN 

Chafteb  I 
DR.  HIJRD'S  EARLIER  LIFE 

The  subject  of  this  sketch,  probably  the  best  known  hospital 
superintendent  in  the  United  States,  an  expert  on  hospital 
organization  and  management,  professor  of  psychiatry,  author 
and  editor,  was  a  product  of  Michigan,  a  state  that  has 
furnished  many  well-known  figures  in  American  medicine. 

Shortly  after  Dr.  Hurd  came  to  Baltimore  a  charming 
sketch  of  his  early  life  and  of  his  manifold  activities  in  I'lala- 
mazoo  and  Pontiac  appeared  from  the  pen  of  Dr.  C.  B.  Burr, 
his  successor  at  the  Eastern  Michigan  Asylum  at  Pontiac. 
This  tribute  appeared  in  the  American  Journal  of  Insanity, 
1899,  Vol.  46,  p.  303.  As  it  cannot  l^  improved  upon  I  shall 
give  it  in  detail : 

Henry  M.  Hurd,  A.  M.,  M.  D.,  the  reemtly  i^^polnted  director 
of  The  Johns  Hopkins  Hospital,  Baltimore,  and  the  subject  of  oar 
photosravore,  wa«  bom  May  8,  1843,  at  Unicm  City,  Branch  Co., 
Michigan.  His  parents,  Theodore  C.  and  Ellen  B.  (Hammond) 
Hurd,  were  of  New  England  (Connecticut)  stock.  His  father,  a 
pioneer  physician,  came  to  Michigan  in  1834;  and,  worn  out  by 
laborlooa  practice  amid  the  hardships  and  privations  of  pioneer 
life  in  a  malarioaa  country,  died  at  the  early  age  of  39,  leaving 
a  wife  and  three  little  boya. 

(») 


r. 


HBNRT  MILLS  HURD 


1 


Hit  mother  remarried  in  1848,  and  in  1864  the  family  remored 
to  Oalesburs.  111.  In  1868  he  entered  Knox  College,  where  he 
■pent  two  years.  Subsequently  he  devoted  a  year  to  teaching  and 
general  study,  and  in  1861  entered  the  Junior  class  of  the  UnlTer- 
slty  of  Michigan.  He  graduated  from  the  uniyerslty  in  1868,  and 
in  the  same  year  began  the  study  of  medicine  with  his  stepfather, 
who  was  also  a  physician.  He  attended  lectures  at  the  Rush 
Medical  College,  Chicago,  and  at  the  University  of  Michigan,  and 
graduated  from  the  department  of  medicine  and  surgery  of  the 
university  in  1866.  The  year  following  graduation  he  spent  in 
New  York  in  study  and  hospital  work.  Subsequently  he  removed 
to  Chicago,  where  he  engaged  in  dispensary  and  genera!  practice 
for  two  years.  It  was  during  the  time  of  his  residence  in  Chicago, 
In  1870,  that  he  received  the  appointment  of  assistant  physician 
to  the  Michigan  Asylum  for  the  Insane  at  Kalamazoo,  and  entered 
that  field  of  ffi  Ileal  practice  in  which  he  has  achieved  so  much 
distinction.  He  served  the  asylum  in  the  capacity  of  assistant 
physician  for  eight  years,  at  the  end  of  which  time  he  became 
assistant  superintendent  On  the  opening  of  the  Eastern  Michigan 
Asylum  at  Pontiac  In  the  fall  of  the  same  year  he  was  appointed 
its  first  superintendent,  and  -:cupied  this  posiUon  continuously 
for  11  years.  Possessing  ra»o  skill  as  an  organizer,  broad  cul- 
ture, literary  attainments  of  a  high  order,  a  thorough  medical 
training  and  a  long  asylum  and  hospital  experience,  he  brought 
to  the  work  of  organizing  the  Eastern  Michigan  Asylum  those 
qualities  which  enabled  him  to  place  It  at  once  »"nong  the  progres- 
sive asylums  of  the  country.  He  early  identified  himself  with 
the  Association  of  Medical  Superintendents,  and  was  an  earnest, 
faithful  and  zealous  member  of  this  body. 

During  the  period  of  his  administration  of  affairs  of  the  Eastern 
Michigan  Asylum  he  has  seen  the  treatment  of  the  Insane 
revolutionized.  For  the  abolition  of  restraint,  the  employment  of 
the  insane,  the  extension  of  the  system  of  night-nursing,  the  de- 
velopment of  the  "cottage  plan,"  and  the  introduction  of  home 
comi;-U  into  the  dull,  unattractive  institutional  life  of  previous 
years,  he  has  been  an  ardent  and  enthusiastic  advocate.  To  him, 
perhaps,  as  much  as  to  any  other  man  among  the  present  genera- 

(10) 


BARLIBR  HISTORY 


ti(m  of  alienists  In  this  eoantry,  U  due  the  npid  frowth  at  pro- 
greealre  methods  in  the  ear*  of  the  Insane,  and  the  adranced  posi- 
tion which  American  psychiatry  Is  taking.  His  mental  eoltore, 
which  enabled  him  to  grasp  intricate  problems  In  all  their  details, 
his  philanthropic  instincts,  his  ready  sympathies  and  his  keen 
Insli^t  into  the  needs  of  the  insane,  conjoined  with  the  quick  per- 
ception of  the  skilled  physician,  made  him  an  ideal  asylum  super- 
intendent His  p'^sonal  presence  was  inspiring;  he  infused  his 
own  spirit  of  tireless  energy  among  his  subordinates,  he  nnlfled 
his  staff  and  his  corps  of  employes,  and  could  always  rely  upon 
their  thorough  co5peration.  In  1881  he  Tisited  Sunqw  for  trayel 
and  InTestlgation  In  the  special  lines  of  work  in  which  he  was 
engaged.  The  results  of  this  trip  were  the  subject  of  a  special 
communication  to  the  Joint  Boards  of  Trustees  of  the  Michigan 
asylums,  and  were  published  in  connection  with  the  biennial  re- 
port of  the  Eastern  Michigan  Asylum  for  1882.  His  writings 
upon  the  subject  of  mental  medicine  have  been  Toluminous  and 
of  a  high  order.  Aside  fmn  the  numerous  papers  published  in 
the  American  journal  of  Inaanity,  as  reference  to  its  flies  for 
the  past  11  years  will  show,  many  of  great  merit  hare  appeared 
elsewhere. 

Among  his  recent  and  most  scholarly  productions  is  his  presi- 
dential address  in  1889  before  the  alumni  association  of  the  medi- 
cal department  of  the  University  of  Michigan,  on  "The  Mental 
Hygiene  of  Physicians."  His  reports  of  the  Eastern  Michigan 
Asylum  are  written  In  a  masterly  and  finished  style,  and  have 
been  warmly  received  and  favorably  noticed  by  the  precession  of 
this  and  foreign  countries.  He  was  a  vice-president  of  the  Ninth 
International  Medical  Congress,  is  a  member  of  the  Michigan 
State  Medical  Society  and  of  the  Detroit  Academy  of  Medicine, 
and  is  corresponding  member  of  the  Detroit  Medical  and  Library 
Association. 

In  June  ot  the  presrat  year  there  came  to  him,  without  preri- 
otts  Intimation,  the  tender  of  the  position  of  director  of  The  Johns 
H(9kins  Hospital.  The  dfer  came  as  a  gratifying  surprise,  but 
he  hesitated  to  accept  it  He  was  reluctant  to  relinquish  the 
work  to  which  he  had  devoted  his  best  years,  to  separate  himself 


(11) 


HBNRT  MILLS  HURD 


!(■ 


from  hla  patient*— maoy  of  whom  had  lone  hMn  objoeta  of  his 
car*  and  aolldtad*— and  from  frlonds  *nd«ar«d  to  him  by  th* 
•tronf«*t  tl«*.  H*  h**lUted  to  abandon  th*  work  In  whleh  h*  had 
b«*n  ao  long  and  raocwMfuUy  engaced,  and  In  which  th*  pro*p*eta 
for  ftttar*  oacfiiln***  op*ned  wld*  and  *r*r  wld«r  b*for*  blm; 
but  oonsldoratlon*.  paramonnt  among  whleh  ware  th*  Ineraaaad 
opportunltloa  for  the  education  of  hla  diUdren,  oonatralned  him 
to  accept  the  poaltlon. 

By  mental  endowmenta  and  education  he  la  peculiarly  well 
fitted  tor  the  reaponalble  and  delicate  dutlea  of  a  hoapltal  direo- 
tor.  He  la  thoroughly  de**rT!ng  of  hla  recent  rwj  great  honor, 
and  will  adorn  the  poaltlon  to  which  h*  baa  b*«n  called;  but  aa 
we  write  theae  Unea.  the  feeling  retuma  with  erer-lncreaalng  fwoe, 
that  In  the  gain  of  The  J(dina  Hopklna  Hoapltal,  the  proCeaalon  of 
paychlatry  auatalna  an  Irreparable  loea,  and  the  aaylum  ayatem  <a: 
Michigan  la  deprived  of  Ita  moat  llluatrlooa  exponent 

When  Dr.  Hurd  came  to  Baltimore  to  see  The  Johns  Hop- 
kins Hospital  and  to  meet  the  trustees  of  the  hospital  one  of 
the  trustees  from  the  Eastern  Michigan  Asylum  at  Poctiac 
came  with  him  with  the  intention  of  urging  his  superintendent 
to  decline  the  call.  After  he  had  met  the  trustees  and  had 
visited  the  hospital  he  turned  to  Dr.  Hurd  and  said :  "  My 
object  in  coming  with  you  was  to  see  that  you  retr  led  to 
Michigan,  but  I  have  changed  my  mind.  If  they  offer  you  this 
position  and  you  do  not  accept  ii^  you  wiU  make  the  mistake  of 
your  life." 


IIXJ 


BARLT  PAPERS  ON  FSYOHIATRT 


Chaptbi  II 

PAPr^  ON  PSYCHIATBY  PUBLISHED  BY 

DB.  HUBD  PBIOB  TO  fflS  COMING 

TO  BALTIMORE 

Amid  his  many  Mjlmn  duties  Dr.  Hud  fonnd  time  to  do 
much  writing  and,  as  intimated  by  Dr.  Bnrr,  contribnted  a 
great  deal  to  our  knowledge  of  insanity.  In  1880  he  published 
a  paper  on  "  Becent  Judicial  Decisions  in  Michigan  Belative 
to  Insanity."  This  was  followed  in  1381  by  "A  Plea  for 
Systematic  Therapeutical,  Clinical  and  Statistical  Study.**  In 
this  paper  Dr.  Hurd  carefully  analyzed  the  methods  employed 
in  the  various  asylums  and  clearly  pointed  out  where  improve- 
ments might  with  much  profit  be  inaugurated.  On  page  11  he 
says: 

Much  of  the  preeent  statistical  toformatlon  contained  to  the 
pabllshed  reports  qf  the  Institutions  tor  the  insane  Is  nnsatlstao- 
U^T.  There  are  tables  enooth,  hat  they  laok  anitormltr,  pre> 
dsion  In  statement  and  practical  atility. 

Thdr  lack  of  uniformity  is  w^  illustrated  br  the  varying  num- 
ber of  tables  given  In  different  reports,  taken  at  random  from 
a  package  before  me. 

In  concluding  this  article  Dr.  Hurd  says : 

In  this  earnest  plea  for  more  sTStematlo  thwapeutieal.  clinical 
and  statistical  inquiries,  I  would  not  be  understood  as  criticising 
the  thintragh  wwk  now  done  in  conneetion  with  as^ums.  I  have 
merely  attempted  t«  p<dnt  out  the  necessity  for  farther  progress, 
and  have  soggeeted  methods  whieh  would  tend  to  Increase  the 
effleleney  of  asylom  work. 

(18) 


HBNRY  MILLS  HURD 


I 


In  1888  Dr.  Hnrd  published  papen  on  "  Practical  Sng- 
gMtiona  Belative  to  the  Treatment  of  Inianity  "  and  "  The 
Treatment  of  Periodic  Inianity." 

At  a  sanitary  convention  held  in  Pontiac  in  January,  1883, 
Dr.  Hnrd  gave  a  most  interesting  address  on  "  The  Hereditary 
Influence  of  Alcoholic  Indulgence  Upon  the  Production  of 
Insanity."  His  views  as  expressed  86  years  ago  tally  so  well 
with  our  present  conception  of  this  most  important  subject 
that  I  quote  his  conclusions : 

In  the  foregolnc  paper  I  have  endeavored  to  show  that  In- 
ebriety In  parents  Is  a  irequent  cause  of  Insanity  In  their  children. 
beeaose  dronkenness  produces  a  transient  insanity,  even  In  a 
healthy  brain;  chronic  drunkenness  produces  organic  brain  dis- 
eases, bringing  In  their  train  Impairment  of  the  memory,  inac- 
tivity of  the  reason,  a  weakening  of  the  will,  and  a  loss  of  the 
natural  affections;  also  moral  perversions  and  vicious  propensi- 
ties, and  finally,  unmistakable  diseases  of  the  mind  and  nervous 
system— all  of  which  are  capable  of  transmission  to  childron. 

That  the  children  of  Inebriate  parents  inherit  diseases,  sneh  as 
epilepsy,  hysteria,  chorea  and  idiocy,  or  if  not  actual  diseasea. 
nervous  systems  which  are  abnormally  responsive  to  every  tOrm 
of  disturbing  Influence  and  are  easily  disordered. 

That  between  the  ages  of  20  and  46  insanity  Is  liable  to  be 
developed  In  the  children  of  Inebriates,  and  that  insanity  of  this 
type  la  recovered  from  Imperfectly  or  not  at  all. 

And  finally,  that  however  much  people  may  differ  as  to  the 
expediency  of  "  prohibition,"  s&called,  in  the  present  state  of  pub- 
lic sentiment,  there  should  be  no  dMCerence  of  opinion  among 
thinking  men  as  to  the  right  and  duty  of  the  sUte  to  take 
strenuous  measures  to  prevent  the  transmission  of  an  inebriate 
heredity  to  children. 

During  1883  Dr.  Hurd  also  published  a  paper  entitled 
"  PutiiTd  Provisions  for  the  Insane  in  Michigan,**  In  this 
article  he  sketched  in  a  moet  interesting  way  the  haphazard 

(14) 


■ARLT  PAPBR8  ON  PITCRIATRT 


manner  in  which  inune  patients  were  looked  after  in  Michi- 
gan  until  the  opening  of  the  aaylnm  for  the  inune  at  Kala- 
mazoo. He  ipoke  in  no  uncertain  terms  of  the  duty  of  the 
state  to  care  for  the  insane  within  her  borders.  The  conclud- 
ing paragraph  in  this  article  rereals  rery  dearly  the  wise 
statesirnnship  of  Dr.  Hurd : 

I  wou  Itersta  the  oonrletioo  that  It  <  >  the  duty  of  tbe  staU 
to  eonttnne  to  care  for  her  Inswie  In  the  staU  asTltuns:  that  ao 
eonslderaUon  of  false  eeonomy  thould  vnwtat  her  from  dotng 
everjrthlnf  whleh  oan  be  dooe  for  the  eomlbrt  and  restoratioo  of 
•Ter7  Insane  person.  If  he  reqairea  the  restraint  and  sedosloB  of 
an  asylum  for  the  dangwtms  Insane,  he  should  haye  It  If  he 
reQulree  euratlTe  treatment  In  •  hospital,  or  raffers  from  a  form 
of  disease  which  calls  for  constant  narslng.  he  shoald  hare  that 
If  his  welfare  will  be  promoted  by  glTlag  him  labor,  the  liberty 
of  hom^  and  a  manner  of  life  nearly  resembling  that  of  a  private 
family,  he  shoald  recelTe  them.  No  money  should  be  wasted  upon 
buildings,  surroundings,  or  care.  Sufficient  howerer.  should  be 
expended  to  render  each  unfortunate  as  comfortable  as  his  oondl- 
Uon  will  permit  Anything  less  than  this  Is  unworthy  a  great 
state  like  Michigan.  ^^ 

Dr.  Hurd  in  1883  also  published  "The  Minor  Treatment 
of  Insane  Patients."  In  1886  he  pubUehed  an  interesting 
article  on  "Paranoia.**  During  the  year  1886  we  find  two 
articles  from  his  pen  "  The  Belation  of  General  Paresis  and 
Syphilitic  Insanity**  and  "The  Data  of  Becovery  from  In- 
88:ity.**  In  1887  "Gastric,  Secretory  and  Other  Crises  in 
Geneml  Paresis*'  and  "The  Colony  System  of  Michigan** 
appeared.  In  1888  Dr.  Hurd  published  an  important  article 
on  The  Beligious  Delusions  of  the  Insane,**  sJso  an  article 
on  « Imbecility  with  Insaniiy.**  In  1889  he  also  contributed 
a  paper  entitled  "A  Case  of  Inebriety  with  Insanity:  with 
Hemarks." 


(IS) 


ii 


HENRY  MILLS  HUaD 


It 


I  ; 


i"' 


b 


Chapter  III 
DR  HUBD,  THE  FIRST  SUPERINTENDENT  OP  THE 
JOHNS  HOPKINS  HOSPITAL 
Dr.  Hurd  was  appoiBted  superinteident  of  The  Johns 
Hopkins  Hospital  in  June,  1889,  and  assumed  the  duties  of 
the  position  on  August  1,  at  which  time  President  Oilman,  who 
had  acted  as  director  of  the  hospital  since  the  preceding 
Pehruary,  and  Dr.  John  S.  Billings,  who  had  heen  medical 
advisor  to  the  Board  of  Trustees  for  12  years,  terminated  their 
connection  with  the  hospital.    Dr.  Hurd,  as  has  already  heea 
mentioned,  was  the  first  superintendent  of  the  Eastern  Michi- 
gan Asylum  at  Pontiac.   Here  he  had  taken  charge  of  a  hrand 
new  institution,  had  worked  out  the  details  of  its  management 
and  had  piloted  its  destiny  most  successfully  for  11  years. 
Here  at  the  Hopkins  he  had  a  similar  opportunity,  dif- 
fering only  in  tiiat  the  patients  were  suffering  from  bodily 
inswad  of  mental  ills.    In  this  institixtion  he  was  destined  to 
establish  later  the  most  harmonious  relationship  between  the 
hospital  and  The  Johns  Hopkins  Medical  School  which  opened 
its  doors  in  1893.    His  wise  councU,  his  broad  vista  and  his 
tact  have  in  large  measure  been  responsible  for  the  continuous 
cordial  and  intimate  relations  that  have  always  existed  between 
the  medical  sdiool  and  the  hospital. 

Dr.  Burr  in  his  tribute  to  Dr.  Hurd  said,  **  His  reports  of 
the  Eastern  Michigan  Asylum  are  written  in  a  masterly  and 
finished  ttyl^  and  have  bean  warmly  received  and  favorably 
noticed  by  the  profession  of  this  and  foreign  countries.'*   The 

<ie) 


mi 


DR. 


HENRY  M.  HURD  WHEN  HE  CAME  TO  THE  JOHNS 
HOPKINS  HOSPITAL  IN  1889. 


iOBemm 


H 


iK 


I 
■',.1 


8UPBRINTBNDBNT  OF  THE  JOHNS  HOPKINS  HOSPITAL 

same  standard  of  excellence  shown  in  the  Michigan  reporta  haa 
been  maintained  in  the  annual  reports  of  The  Johna  Hopkins 
Hospital.  In  fact,  when  the  history  of  this  institution  is 
written  it  will  only  be  necessary  to  amplify  what  haa  already 
been  succinctly  reported  in  the  yearly  record  of  the  hospital. 

The  annual  report  has  given  the  list  of  the  trustees  together 
with  their  various  committees,  the  consulting  physicians,  the 
medical  board,  the  house  staff  and  the  names  of  the  physicians 
connected  with  the  out-patient  department.    Dr.  Hurd  then 
briefly  chronicled  the  important  events  occurring  during  the 
year,  referred  in  dcuul  to  the  changes  in  the  personnel  of  the 
staff  and  pointed  out  where  certain  departments  needed  to 
expand  or  where  new  departments  should  be  created.    It  is 
interesting  to  watch  how  a  suggestion  of  his  would  bring  forth 
fruit    In  one  report  he  would  advise  the  innovation,  in  the 
next  it  would  be  briefly  stated  that  tentative  plana  were  under 
way.    The  next  report  would  probably  say  that  the  building 
was  under  construction,  and  in  the  report  of  the  foUowing 
year  would  be  a  detailed  description  of  the  building  together 
with  splendid  illustrations,  and  in  addition  tiiere  would  be  a 
succinct  report  of  the  addresses  given  at  the  dedication  of  the 
building.    A  more  detailed  report  of  the  proceedings  would 
usuaUy  be  contained  in  the  hospital  Bullbtik  or  form  the 
theme  for  an  address. 

The  report  of  the  Training  School  for  Nurses  has  alwaya 
been  given  a  prominent  part  in  the  superintendent's  report 
and  since  1896  there  has  been  a  very  fuU  report  of  the  colored 
orphan  asylum.  Dr.  Hurd  haa  always  made  it  a  rule  to  make 
acknowledgment  of  gifts  to  the  hospital  no  matter  how  small 
they  have  been,  and  since  the  beginning  he  haa  never  failed 
each  year  to  thank  the  clergy  who  have  held  services  in  the 

<1T) 


t 


I'Xi 


HENRY  MILLS  HURD 


hospital  on  the  Sabbath.  The  statistical  tables  relating  to  the 
patients  treated  in  the  hospital  and  in  the  dispensary  have 
been  most  exact  and  very  full. 

The  annual  reports  of  The  Johns  Hopkins  Hospital  from 
1889  to  1911  breathe  the  very  atmosphere  of  Henry  M.  Hurd 
and  in  no  other  way  can  the  reader  gain  a  better  insight  into 
his  make-up  and  into  the  tremendcuj  amount  of  work  this 
splendid  medical  statesman  has  accomplished  than  by  reading 
these  records. 


liS) 


•;;*'!^5j^!SHL..  _ 


EXTRACTS  PROM  ANNUAL  RBPORTS 


Chapteb  IV 

EXTRACTS    FROM    THE    JOHNS    HOPKINS 

HOSPITAL  ANNUAL  REPORT  FOR  1889 

No  description  of  Dr.  Hurd's  work  would  be  complete  with- 
out a  reference  to  that  splendid  Board  of  Trustees  and  that 
rare  medical  staff  with  whom  he  was  associated  in  the  early 
days  of  the  hospital  I  have  accordingly  had  the  first  and 
secc:  5  pages  of  the  first  report  reprt)duced.  All  who  were 
fortunate  enough  to  have  been  connected  with  the  hospital  in 
fte  early  days  wiU  never  forget  that  splendid,  candid,  whole- 
soul^  face  of  Miss  Isabel  Hampton.  One  never  thought  of 
Mr.  Emory  without  instantly  associating  him  with  Mr.  Joseph 
Hoplnns,  and  everybody  in  the  hospital,  both  young  and  old 
looked  upon  Miss  Rachel  Bonner  aa  an  elder  sister 

For  convenience  I  have  divided  the  reports  into  the  regular 
calendar  year,  although,  as  a  matter  of  fact,  the  hospital  year 
began  February  1  and  ended  January  31. 

1889 
(May,  1889-nJanoar3r  81,  1890) 
Dr.  Kurd's  first  report  begins  as  follows : 
To  the  Trustee,  of  The  Johne  EopMnt  Hotpital: 
OromffliKr.— I  present  hererwlth  a  sammarr  oT  th«  !»«««»». 

xri,i?K       "»• ''o^"^  yw  majr  oomMpond  with  the  llMai  jeu 
which  roni  from  February  1  to  January  81. 

<10) 


HESniT  MIIXS  HX7RO 


OBOAlflZATION 

The  organization  of  The  Johns  Hopkins  Hospital  differs  In 
some  essential  feittnres  from  that  of  other  general  hospitals  in 
the  United  States.  The  service  is  divided  Into  three  distinct 
departments — medical,  surgical  and  gynecological  each  under  a 
responsible  chief  with  continuous  service.  The  heads  of  these 
departments  are  non-resident,  but  arrangements  are  made  for 
them  to  give  as  much  time  to  the  work  of  the  hospital  as  the 
necessities  of  patients  demand. 

Each  departmer.^  has  a  responsible  resident  physician  who  has 
had  a  long  and  varied  experience  in  a  general  hospital,  and  is 
abundantly  able  to  fill  the  place  of  the  chief  of  the  department 
whenever  he  is  absent  from  the  hospital.  Each  resident  physician 
has  a  staff  of  assistants  who  give  aid  In  case-taking,  surgical 
operations,  clinical  notes,  examinations  of  urine,  sputum,  blood, 
etc. — also  in  dispensary  work  generally.  The  resident  and  assis- 
tant resident  physicians,  surgeons  and  gyneccdoglsts,  are  resident 
In  the  hospital. 

The  dispensary  has  a  chief  who  directs  and  arranges  the  work 
of  the  different  departments,  and  each  department  in  turn  is 
under  the  special  direction  and  control  of  a  responsible  head, 
who  takes  care  of  the  work  and  has  a  amtlnuous  service.  Bach 
head  of  a  dispensary  department  has  as  many  assistants  as  the 
proper  work  of  his  department  requires,  whose  medical  work  he 
directs  and  controls. 

The  nursing  work  of  the  hospital  is  under  the  charge  of  the 
superintendent  of  nurses,  who  also  acts  as  the  principal  of  the 
training  school.  She  has  the  responsibility  of  the  management  of 
the  nurses'  home  and  the  instruction  of  nurses.  She  selects 
and  accepts  probationers,  prescribes  courses  of  study  and  arranges 
duties.    She  supervises  all  nursing-work. 

The  purchase  and  delivery  of  provisions  and  the  cooking,  dis- 
tribution and  serving  of  food,  are  placed  in  the  hands  of  a  pur- 
veyor, who  is  made  responsible  for  this  branch  of  hospital  work. 

The  care  of  rooms  and  buildings  and  the  oversight  <a  the  work 
of  the  laundry  come  upon  the  matron,  who  is  charged  with  the 
duty  of  purchasing  bedding,  dry  goods,  clothing,  household  and 


(20) 


EXTRACTS  FROM  ANNUAL  RBPORTS 


laundry  rappUet.  In  addition  to  these  offlcee  there  la  a  comp- 
troller of  aeconnts,  who  sopenrlaea  the  receipt  of  mcmey  and  the 
payment  of  bills;  an  apothecary,  who  porehases  medicines  and 
prepares  and  delivers  prescriptiims;  a  sapenrlsor  of  grounds,  who 
looks  after  all  outside  labor;  and  an  engineer,  who  has  the  care 
and  OTersight  <a  the  engines,  boilers,  filters,  pumping  apparatus, 
machinery,  warming  and  ventilating  apparatus,  water-tanks, 
sewers,  water-closets,  lavatories,  steam-cooking  i^tparatus,  water, 
gas,  electrical  and  steam  distribuUon. 

mSTOBIOAL 
Upon  the  opening  of  the  hospitol  in  May,  1889.  Dr.  W.  H.  Welch 
had  been  appointed  pathologist,  Dr.  William  Osier,  physician-in- 
chlef.  and  Dr.  William  S.  Halsted,  acting  surgeon  and  chief  of  the 
dispensary;  Dr.  Hmry  A.  Lafleur,  resident  physician,  and  Dr. 
P.  J.  Brockway,  resident  surgeon;  with  Dr.  H.  A.  Toulmin,  assis- 
tant physician,  and  Dr.  George  B.  Clarke,  assistant  surgeon. 

SubsequenUy  in  June  Dr.  Howard  A.  Kelly  was  appointed 
gynecologist  and  obstetrician,  and  Dr.  Hunter  Robb,  resident 
gynecologist.  The  value  of  the  services  of  Dr.  Billings  in  planning 
and  building  the  hospital  cannot  be  too  hifl^y  estimated.  His 
foresight  as  to  the  future  of  the  hospital,  hto  high  ideals  of  hospi- 
tal requirements,  his  familiarity  with  hospital  work  and  his 
versatility  in  adapting  means  to  ends,  have  done  much  to  bring 
The  Johns  Hopkins  Hospital  to  its  present  stote  of  occellenoe. 

President  Oilman's  services  as  an  organiser  were  of  great  value. 
By  an  unusual  occurrence  of  events  it  was  possible  for  him  to 
bring  the  university  idea  into  hospital  managonent,  and  to  give 
to  the  inaoguration  of  the  hospital  enterprise  a  breadth  and 
liberality  which  it  might  have  lacked  had  it  been  exclusive 
organized  by  a  purely  hospital  officer. 

TRUSTEES  AND  MEDICAL  8TAPF 

Pages  22  and  23  are  facsimiles  from  the  first  annual  report 
(1889)  of  The  Johns  Hopkins  Hospital,  giving  the  Trustees, 
Consulting  Physicians,  Medical  Board  and  Hospital  Staff  at 
that  time. 

(M) 


h! 


TRUSTEES. 


FlUUf  CI8  T.  KUrO. 


JOBBPH  MERBEFIBLD. 


LBWIS  N.  ROPKINa 

Mmditn  <  tftr  ifavrff 
QaoMB  WmaAM  Baowv,  Chabus  J.  M.  Owm, 

Jaksb  Oambt,  Ijiwh  N.  Horxim, 

OaoBOi  W.  CoBMn,  Fbabcu  T.  Koio, 

WnxiAM  T.  Dixo*,  Ala"  P.  Smith,  M.  D., 

Onaaa  W.  Dosnir,  G  IIobtov  BnwAiT, 

JotBPB  P.  Buiorr,  Fiuvon  Wheo. 


CXMMMITTCEa 

FSAVcn  T.  Knro,  «  qfU»t 
Alas  P.  Skrh, 
FkAXCB  WHtn. 


Gaoias  W.  Ooavn, 
OaoBoa  W.  Dofsuv, 


GaoBos  W.  Ccnram  Fbavos  T.  Kno,  m  «0mt, 

WnxiAX  T.  Dccov,  F«a»o»  WHrts. 

BtMhf  a iHii.' 

GaoMB  W.  OoMBB,  Pbabch  T.  Knw.  m 

OaoBSB  W.  Donnr,  Aiuui  P.  Buva, 

FkABoa  Warn. 


CONSULTING  PHYSICIANS. 

AZAH  p.  Sian,  M.  D,  rapmnitinf  Hoqpital  Tn^»m, 
Jaxbb  Oabbt  Tbokai,  M.  D,  rtpraMoO^  Uairtnity  TraMMi^ 
I.  B.  Asaammm,  M.  D^  T.  8.  LATmaa,  M.  D^ 

&  a  Chbw,  M.  D^  p.  r.UMLm,  M.  D, 

p.  DoBALnoB,  M.  D,  O.  W.  MnunBnaBDBB,  M.  D^ 

W.  T.  HowABD^  M.  Dn  1*  McLabb  Totabt,  M.  D., 

a  JoBBHOB,  M- D^  W.  a  VABBOBailLIX, 

H.P.a  WiuoB,lLJ>. 


MEDICAL  BOARD. 

AiAB  P.  8MITB,  M.  D,  wpwwBtii*  HaKfUKltnmmt, 
Jakb  Cabbt  Thoma^  M.  D^  reprawitiBg  Uaiwwltj 
W.  &Halmbd,M.IX,  Howabd  a.  Kbixt,  M.  D, 

HasBT  M.  HuBD^  If .  D,  Wiluak  Oubb,  M.  D, 

WiLUAM  H.  Waua^  If .  D. 


•-»»* 


HOSPITAL  STAFF. 


B: 


U.Bva»,U.JK 


WauAV  OoJB,  M.  D. 


HAvrr  Tooumi,  M.  I>^ 


Bmncf  A.  LAWUfBm,M.lK 


lC.Dk 


Di 


WnuAK  &  HAunD^  M.  D. 


F.  J.  BaoGKWAT,  M.  IX 


OfntealogitI  mii  (Hukkitkm 

HowABD  A.  Kbixt,  M.  D. 


Oaoaoa  E.  Clabsiv  If.  D. 


W.  W.  Fabb,  m.  r. 


BmidmU  Qfumlotbtt: 


Bnm  Rbaa,lLD 


A.  L.O1 


WnxiiJi  H.  Wi 


M.IX 


M.D. 


W.  T.  COVMOOMAM,  If.  IX 


AUDUVSBB  G.  Abbor,  1L  D. 


M.IX 


OUT-PATIENT  DEPARTMENT. 
Cki^  4^  tk$  Dupmmrft 
WnxiAX  8.  HAZBirBDk  U.  TX 
^  OtMral  JMieiM.- 
WxiuAX  On.BB,  M.  D. 
%  DeptrtmtHl  pi  Dimtm  ^  OdUtm: 

WiLUAx  Oaxm,  M.  D.,  nd  W.  IX 
S.  IVpiirfw*  ^  Nmmm  Limtm: 

WnxiAX  OUB,  IL  D.,  ud  H.  M.  'SmaauM,  M.  D. 

4.  Jiyiwwl  ^  Ommd  Awftry: 

W.  a  Hautbis  M.  D.,  Mriitad  I7  J.  M.  T.  Ftanrar,  If.  IX 

5.  Dipartmmt  tg  OmUo-Urnurf  Ikmm: 

W.  &  HAunoH  If:  D.,  wd  JAMBi  Bbowx,  M.  D. 

9.  Btftrtmmt  ^  Opuadoff: 

H.  A.  KaixT.  M.  D,  — Irttd  liy  Hwrna  Bcbb^  M.  D. 

7.  Dto|MNMMl  q^  QrfrtBJf'tfy  Md  (Hotoni 

a  TMBOBAUk  M.  Dl,  «ad  B.  L.  Babsous,  M.  IX 

8.  Ikpartrnml  ^  LmfHgobgf: 

Jamm  N.  Maocbbiii^  M.  IX 
4.  JkpaHmmt  *i  Lirmatohgif: 

S.  &  MoBwm,  IL IX 


Ifui  luBBb  A.  Haxrob,  ay(r<»<wd«rf  y  Amu 


L.  WlBDBB  BKOBT, 
Mm  Baobbi.  A.  BobBbb,  Mmkon. 


Staxuet  UvtcasMB,  Owflriffw  ^ 


'i     ! 


HBNRT  MILLS  HX7RD 


It 


00UMI8  or  XmiOAL  INSTRUCTION 

Bcglnoinf  with  Jaanarr  6  of  th«  prtMBt  jmr  [1890]  ooanM 
of  pofltcnuluaU  iutraetlon  In  madldn*.  lorgarr  uid  sjrsMology 
har*  b««n  irnntantted  at  the  l.otpitaL  Dally  iMtorM  haT«  ban 
flT«n  In  the  dlnloal  amphitheatre,  and  ellnlca  In  medldne.  nir- 
gwr  and  gTneeology  hare  beeu  glren  three  tlmee  a  week,  at  which 
time  the  wealth  of  ellDleal  caaee  afforded  Ij  the  hoepltal  and 
dlapensary  hare  been  otlllied.  Rare  (qtportunltlee  to  ttadr  dli- 
eaiee  hare  been  afforded  In  the  dlepenia'T  and  the  hoepltal  wards; 
and  to  wltueee  enrfloal  operatloni  In  the  prlrate  operating  room*. 


UlBOBATOBIBS 

The  wor..  of  the  patholoslcal  laboratcwr,  formerly  carried  on 
by  the  nnlrenlty,  was  astomed  by  the  hoepltal  September  1, 1889. 
No  chance,  howerer,  has  been  made  In  any  of  Its  arrangements 
or  coursee  of  study,  and  the  work  of  Instruction  and  original 
research  has  gone  on  as  In  former  years.  The  pathological 
material  afforded  by  the  hospital  has  proren  unusually  ridi.  It 
has  been  most  carefully  and  thoroughly  studied  by  Professor 
Welch  and  Drs.  Councilman  and  Abbott 

The  clinical  laboratory  uas  been  In  successful  operation  under 
the  direction  of  Professor  Osier.  Analyses  of  the  blood  have 
been  made  carefully  and  systematically  as  a  matter  of  routine, 
both  to  determine  Its  constitution  and  to  ascsrtaln  the  presence 
of  malarial  or  other  organisms  and  parasites. 

The  hygienic  laboratory  ha:«  also  been  equipped  and  made 
ready  for  practical  work  under  the  direction  of  Dr.  Billings  and 
Dr.  Abbott  Its  work  thus  far  has  be«i  confined  to  meteorological 
obsenratlons,  the  study  of  Tentilatl(m,  the  analysis  of  ground- 
air,  and  the  bacteriological  examination  of  watw. 


thb  kxtbses'  traikino  school 

The  Nurses'  Training  School  was  formally  opened   in 
October,  1889.    A     11  report  of  this  momentous  occasion  is 

(24) 


EXTRACTS  FROM  ANNUAL  RBP0RT8 


giren  by  Dr.  Hurd  in  the  fint  number  of  Thi  Johns  Hop- 
KiKt  Hospital  Buluttik  published  on  December  1  of  that 
year.  After  a  ihjrt  addreM  by  the  president  of  the  Board  of 
Trustees,  Mr.  Francis  T.  King,  Hiss  Hampton  spoke  at  length 
on  "The  Aims  of  The  Johns  Hopkins  Hospital  Training 
School  for  Nurses,"  and  was  followed  by  Dr.  Hurd  who  took 
as  his  theme  "  The  Relation  of  the  Training  School  for  Nurses 
to  The  Johns  Hopkins  Hospital.''  I  quote  briefly  from  his 
address  on  that  occasion : 

The  benefloent  work  of  The  Johns  Hogkiat  Hospital  antedates 
br  many  years  Its  tomial  opening  In  May  lart.  From  Its  Inoep- 
tlon  In  the  mind  at  Its  tonnder,  and  the  sabseqnent  daboratlon 
at  the  Idea  by  the  trastees  so  vrlady  chosen  by  him— daring  the 
pi'eparatlon  of  Its  plans  and  In  the  whole  ooonw  of  its  erection— 
from  the  flnt  foandatlon  stone  to  the  last  tile  ap<m  the  roof,  It 
has  constantly  been  fnlfllllng  Its  mission.  It  bu  all  along  stimu- 
lated hospital  construction  to  an  unprecedented  degree.  From  a 
personal  knowledge  of  hospitals  east  and  west, .  do  not  hesitate  to 
wy  that  th«re  Is  not  a  single  hospital  In  this  broad  land  which 
has  not  felt  the  Influence  at  Its  oonstmetlon,  either  directly  or 
Indirectly,  or  has  not  bem  energised  by  Its  example  to  make 
more  perfect  proTlslon  for  the  care  and  treatment  of  titk  people. 
It  has  taught  hospitals  the  practical  application  of  the  laws  of 
hyglne  to  heating,  TenUlatlcm.  house  drainage,  sewerage  and 
hospital  construetlim  In  general.  It  has  oonmanded  attention  to 
the  Importance  of  sunlliAit  and  air  space,  and  to  the  abscflnte 
necessity  of  an  abundant  supply  of  pure  air  to  each  IndlTldual— 
a  supply  properly  tempered  to  meet  the  varying  conditions  of  sum- 
mer heat  and  winter  cold.  The  cardinal  principle  of  the  hospital 
has  been  to  give  the  sick  the  most  perfect  hygienic  Burroondings 
attainable  In  a  dty.  It  has  so  prepared  the  way  tor  better  pro- 
Tlsltm  tor  the  comfort  of  the  sick,  whether  rich  or  poor,  that  the 
p.>bUe  now  demand  It   Bo  great.  In  fact,  has  been  the  force  of  Its 

(»» 


RBNRT  MILLS  HT7RO 


H 


•zampl*  for  (ood.  I  do  not  hooiuto  to  lar  that  had  tho  hoapltal 
DOTor  rooolTod  or  trwtod  •  ttntU  patint,  tho  work  it  hM  alroadr 
•ooompllstaod  In  thowing  tho  war  to  bettor  botpttal  eoastmetion 
would  hATO  tnllT  Joatiflod  tho  oxpondituro  of  trory  d6ttar  it  coat 

To^ajr  wo  are  aaaembled  to  witneaa  the  Inaufuratlon  of  one  of 
the  departmenta  o(  thia  hoapital  whieh  we  hope  will  Inflaenee  in 
a  cimtlar  manner,  oren  if  not  In  an  eqnal  degree,  training  achoola 
for  naraea  throughout  the  oountrr.  Thla  aehool  haa  been  eatab- 
liahed  In  oomplianoe  with  the  inatniotitma  ot  the  fou;>der  of  the 
hoepltal.  in  the  following  language:  "  I  deaire  you  to  eatabllah  in 
oooneetimi  with  the  hoapital  a  trrining  aehool  for  fenule  nuraea. 
Thia  wrovlaion  will  aecuro  the  aet-rloea  of  women  competent  to 
care  for  the  aick  in  the  hoapital  warda,  and  will  enable  70a  to 
benefit  the  whole  oommunit^  by  aupplying  it  with  a  elaaa  of  trained 
and  esperlenoed  nuraea."  The  Board  of  Truateea  haa  carried  into 
tf  eot  thia  injunction  in  no  grudging  manner.  No  adiool  in  thia 
country  haa  been  more  worthily  honaod  or  more  fully  equipped 
for  claaa-room  and  practical  work  and  none  haa  erer  atarted  out 
with  broader  Tiewa  or  mora  comprehenalTe  plana  for  the  pnver 
training  of  nuraea. 

What  baa  the  hoapital  a  right  to  expeet  fr«n  the  pupila  of  thia 
aehool? 

L  They  ahoold  hare  an  adequate  ooneepticm  <rf  the  reaponal- 
bilitiea  aaaumed  by  the  nurae  when  ahe  entera  the  aehool.  The 
handa  of  a  nurae  are  a  phyaldan'a  handa  lengthened  out  to  min- 
later  to  the  aick.  Her  preaenoe  at  the  bedside  la  a  trained 
TlgUanoe  aupplementing  and  perfecting  hia  watchful  care;  hw 
knowledge  of  the  patlent'a  condition  an  eaMntial  element  in  the 
diagnoaia  oi  diseaae;  her  managemmt  t^'  the  patimt,  the  prac- 
tical aide  of  medical  adence.  If  ahe  falls  to  appreciate  her  duUea 
the  physician  fftlla  in  the  aame  degree  to  bring  aid  to  hia  patient 

2.  The  nurse  should  have  an  oithuaiasm  in  the  work  of  nurs- 
ing. No  one  should  assume  the  work  without  fading  it  to  be 
of  aU  oeenpaUima  the  one  beat  suited  to  the  taatea  and  capadty 
of  the  individual.    Nuralng  to  be  wdl  done  ahonld  be  enterei' 


(M) 


■mucTS  FRcnc  annual  mportb 


apoB  with  Ml  "•nthuflaam  of  humuity"  whieu  wlU  llfhtM 
•Twjr  luurdihlp.  Md  r«Dd«r  th«  dotm  hanj  mA  ooBtMitod  In  Imt 
Htmmx  oaUlBf . 

S.  Bh«  ihoald  oootlder  naralnc  •  profliHloa  and  Tl«ir  it  m  • 
lite  work.  It  la  not  «  tndo.  nor  u  ooeapatlon  loMr,  dot  a 
mouw  at  rapport  limply,  bat  •  Toeattaa  whldi  torlan  Into  •» 
tlTlty  tho  bMt  MOtlmMita  erf  tho  hoinui  hourt  and  aoliits  tho 
floor  lympotlUoo  of  onr  bottor  natvroo. 

4.  Bho  ihottld  took  to  fit  horMlf  to  b«  a  toMhor  of  othort.  It 
■hoiild  bo  hor  ambition  to  learn  tlio  dntloa  of  bor  *oaUlnf  that 
■ho  may  boeomo  oonpotnt  to  Impart  Instmottoa.  Prom  thla 
aohool  aa  from  a  oontor  of  knowlodco  ahonld  fo  forth  gradvataa 
to  foand  similar  Mboola  throoi^ioat  tho  land. 

K.  For  hor  hlchoat  uofnlnoaa  a  nwoo  ahoold  haro  a  oapadty 
for  tnatalnod  montal  effort  Havlnc  choaon  hor  llfo  work  and 
proTon  hor  fltnoas  for  It  by  a  latlirfaotory  porlod  of  probation, 
iho  ohoold  punno  hor  Toeatlon  "without  haato,  without  root," 
stoadUy,  porolstmtly  and  oonragoooily,  with  a  mental  oqalpolso 
whleh  keopo  eonatantly  In  view  a  high  Ideal  of  oxeoUonoo.  Tho 
iweetert  rewarda  of  earth  oome  to  earnest  effort  and  ffelthfol  ae> 
eompllahment  In  lines  of  phllanthroplo  work.  They  are  not 
gained  by  fltfol  toll  or  half-heartod  endeavw. 

Lest  there  may  be  a  mlseoneoptloii  I  oo^t  to  add  that  eathn- 
■lasm  In  wwk.  dorotlon  to  dnty.  norestlng  fldtflty  to  high  Ideals 
of  eOetenoy,  kaon  hnmaaltarlan  Impulses  and  lore  of  sdeuttflo 
truth,  cannot  and  must  not  bo  eonsldorod  oMlgatloos  peeullar  to 
nurses.  Tho  trustees  and  oflleors  ot  tho  hospital  aoospt  similar 
obligations  for  themselrss.  and  oxpMt  OQual  enthusiasm  and  doro- 
tlon  from  all  oonneetod  with  tho  hospital  In  any  respraslUo 
eapadty. 

What,  on  the  other  hand,  has  tho  pupU  In  tho  training  school 
a  right  to  expect  from  all  who  are  oonneetod  with  the  hospitalT 

1.  Tho  pupil  nurso  has  reason  to  ezpoet,  and  should  roeolTO,  tho 
respect,  confldonoe  and  cooperation  of  orary  rl^t-mlndod  person. 

2.  eho  should  enjoy  orery  facility  tot  seeurlng  Instruetion,  and 
an  opportunity  to  obtain  a  higher  training  in  orery  toanch  ot 
knowledge  which  promises  to  increase  her  ofBdency  and  uo- 
fulness. 

(tf> 


HBNRY  MILLS  HURD 


1 


5 


3.  She  should  Lave  proper  hours  for  work,  proper  hours  for 
study  and  recreatlcm,  pleasant  apartments,  healthful  surround- 
ings, refining  associations  and  every  incentive  to  effort,  and  every 
aid  to  accomplishment  of  her  work. 

Many  hopes  cluster  about  this  training  school.  The  work  of 
many  years  of  patient  labor  spent  in  construction  is  over.  The 
scaffold  has  been  swept  away,  and  the  completed  edifice  stands 
before  us.  The  work  of  the  hospital  cannot  be  complete  until  this 
school  is  open  and  in  successful  operation.  The  poor  of  Baltimore 
in  their  homes,  suffering;  for  lack  of  proper  nursing  and  adequate 
attention,  look  to  this  school  for  a  solution  of  the  problem  of 
district  nursing  among  the  poor.  The  homes  of  the  wealthy 
reed  no  less  the  skilled  nursing  which  this  school  aims  to  supply. 
The  trustees  and  ofllcers  of  the  hospital  welc(»ne  the  school  and 
bid  it  God-epeed. 


i 


PUBLICATIONS 

In  the  first  annual  report  Dr.  Hurd  says : 

There  has  been  established,  as  an  organ  of  the  hospital,  a 
monthly  publication  known  as  Ths  Johits  Hopkins  Hospitai. 
BtrtLBmr,  which  is  to  contain  announcements,  programs,  reports 
of  societies  and  minor  medical  contributions.  The  Bmxmif  has 
met  with  much  success  and  seems  to  have  found  a  place  in  medical 
literature.  In  addition  to  the  Brnxcrm  a  volume  of  Hotpitca 
Beporta  is  published  in  fasciculi  which  will  constitute  a  volume  of 
about  600  pages  during  the  year  1890.  The  first  fasciculus  con- 
tained 64  pages,  and  had  the  following  list  of  articles:  "  On  Fever 
of  Hepatic  Origin,  Particularly  the  IntermittAnt  Pyrexia  Asso- 
ciated with  Gtell-Stones,"  by  Dr.  Osier 

Through  the  medium  of  The  Johns  Hopkins  Hospital 
Bulletin  the  numerous  activities  of  the  hospital  have  been 
duly  chronicled  and  many  important  events  have  been  re- 
corded. The  numerous  discoveries  in  the  various  departments 
have  uccu  brought  to  the  notice  of  the  medical  world  through 
this  journal.    It  has  been  a  faithful  mirror  of  The  Johns 

(28) 


EXTRACTS  PROM  ANNUAL  RBnPORTS 


Hopkins  Hospital  and  its  establishment  was  one  of  the  moat 
important  moves  ever  made  by  the  hospital.  Tt  has  enabled  the 
institution  to  tell  the  civilized  world  p  ^liptiy  jiist  Trhat  it  has 
accomplished.  The  Johns  Hopkins  I  osp^tal  Report  contain 
the  lengthy  articles— those  that  are  to<  ex:en«ivefor  i  monthly 
journal.    They  now  comprise  18  volmuej. 

Dr.  Hurd  started  both  the  Bulletin  and  the  Reports  and 
was  editor  of  both  from  the  initial  issue  until  he  relinquished 
his  position  in  1911.  He  was  the  editor  in  every  sense  of  the 
word.  Many  of  the  articles  which  were  rather  cmde  in  their 
English  construction  were  entirely  recast  by  him.  Any  mem- 
ber of  the  staff  who  wandered  into  the  superintendent's  office 
late  at  night  when  all  was  quiet  or  on  a  Sunday  afternoon 
would  find  Dr.  Hurd  busily  engaged  in  correcting  galley 
proofs  for  the  Bullbtin  or  for  tiie  Reports. 

Both  of  these  publications  possess  a  dignity  and  style  rarely 
noted  in  medical  periodicals.  The  printing  has  been  good, 
the  illustrations  excellent  and  the  text  remarkably  free  from 
typographical  errors. 

The  Hopkins  Bulletik  and  the  Reports  are  to  be  found  in 
medical  libraries  the  world  over.  Dr.  Hurd  deserves  the  lion's 
share  of  credit  for  the  marked  success  of  these  publications. 


' 


BOOIBTIES 

In  the  first  report  Dr.  Hurd  refers  to  the  medical  societies 
of  the  hospital. 

A  flonrlBhlns  hospital  medical  soelfltr  hat  been  estabUthed 
under  the  direction  of  Dr.  Welch,  whldi  ueeU  bi-monthly  and 
li  recolarly  attended  by  memben  of  the  hoaplul  and  dlqMUsary 
staff.  At  these  meeUngt  papers  are  read,  patients  are  exhibited, 
morbid  pathological  spedmens  are  presented  and  the  results  of 
original  InvestlgaUont  In  the  clinical.  path<doflcal  and  hygleinle 

(M) 


i^atti 


p* 


HBNRT  HILLS  HURD 


laboratorlM  mre  reported.  These  meetings  hare  been  of  great 
talaob  and  the  amount  of  work  which  has  been  done  compares 
most  fsTorably  with  that  accomplished  by  any  other  similar 
society. 

A  Journal  Club,  composed  of  members  of  the  hospital  and  dis- 
pensary staft,  also  meets  bi-monthly.  At  these  meetings  the  cur- 
rent literature  in  the  rarious  departments  of  medicine,  surgery 
and  gynecology  is  presented  in  abstract  by  persons  prsTiously 
appointed  to  report  frmn  these  departments.  This  enables  all 
members  of  the  staff  to  keep  fully  informed  as  to  what  Is  being 
accomplished  by  workers  in  every  branch  of  medical  scimoe  with 
the  least  expenditure  of  time. 

In  November,  1890,  a  Historical  Club  was  organised  to  hold 
monthly  meetings  for  the  study  of  medicine  in  its  historical 
aspects.  These  meetings  have  been  well  attended  and  have  proven 
interesting  and  profitable. 

The  Historical  Clab  still  continues.  Scattered  thronghont 
the  various  volumes  of  Thb  Johks  Hopkins  Hospital 
Bulletin  are  many  articles  which  were  read  at  the  Historical 
Society.    They  are  of  much  interest  and  value. 


\i 


fi 


(80k 


EXTRACTS  FROM  ANNUAL  REPORTS 


i 


Chafcbb  V 

EXTRACTS    FROM    THE    JOHNS    HOPKINS 

HOSPITAL  ANNUAL  REPORTS  FOR 

1890-1897 

1880 

(FrimuuT  1.  1890— JaaiuuT  81.  1891) 
In  the  report  for  the  year  ending  Jantuury  6l,  1891, 
Dr.  Hnrd  refers  to  the  work  of  the  hospital  among  the  poor  of 
Baltimore  and  emphasizes  the  fact  that  care  must  be  taken  to 
see  that  people  who  are  financially  able  should  not  be  given  free 
treatment: 

The  added  ezperienee  of  a  7«ar  haa  demonatrated  Che  neoea- 
■ity  of  the  medical,  rargieal  and  KmeeoloKlcal  work  which  this 
liospltal  is  dolnc  unong  the  poor  of  BaltlmoreL  The  tree  work 
hag  ooostantly  grown  in  importaL.oe  and  nsefulnoH  since  the 
opening  of  the  hospital  and  hondreds  of  poor  people  have  reoelTed 
relief  who  coald  not  have  ohtalned  it  othenrlee.  This  work  haa 
been  done  cheerfollj  and  ungradgin^r  both  among  hospital  and 
dispensarr  patients.  It  is  evident,  howcrer,  that  some  persons 
who  uvly  for  grataitoos  advioe  and  prescriptions  In  the  dlspen- 
sar7i  and  tree  beds  In  the  hospital  are  not  dbJeeU  of  charity,  and 
shonld  not  recelTS  the  beneflts  of  the  Instltatloo. 

In  some  of  the  New  York  hotvltals  the  names  at  all  persons 
applTing  for  rellet  when  any  doabt  exists  as  to  the  propriety  of 
granttng  it.  are  reported  to  the  Cbarit/  OrganlsaUon  Society,  and 
a  systematic  InTsstlgatlon  is  made  1^  an  agent  of  this  sodety. 
After  a  careful  review  of  the  niiole  sabjeet  I  am  strong y  of  the 
<9lai«i  that  the  time  has  come  when  an  arrangement  shonld  be 
made  with  the  Charity  Organisation  Society  of  Baltimore^  whereby 

(tt) 


HBNRT  MILLS  HTJRD 


h 


all  suspected  cases  may  recelTe  a  prompt  iiiTestlgation.  It  de- 
moralizes any  man  to  receive  as  a  gift  what  he  is  able  to  pay 
for  wholly  or  in  part  Indiscriminate  and  haphaxard  charity 
begets  habits  of  improvidence  and  of  wastefulness,  if  not  of  actual 
vice  among  its  recipients. 

In  addition  to  the  evil  effect  upon  the  onnmunlty  of  indisc/lmi- 
nate  charity  there  is  also  danger  of  doing  injustice  to  the  pro- 
fession of  medicine,  which  numbers  among  its  members  so  many 
persons  actively  engaged  in  charitable  work.  Neither  the  hospital 
nor  dispensary  shoald  interfere  with  the  sources  of  support  of 
these  men  by  affording  free  medical  or  surgical  treatment  to 
those  who  are  able  to  pay  for  it 

In  this  connection  mention  may  be  made  of  the  excellent  pro- 
vision which  exists  at  this  hospital  for  the  accommodation  at 
private  or  pay  patients^— a  provision  which  is  not  excelled  in  any 
general  hospital  in  this  country. 

Dr.  Hurd  in  the  report  also  refers  to  the  Training  School 
for  Nurses : 

Each  month  demonstrates  the  value  and  necessity  of  the  work 
of  the  Training  School  for  Nurses.  The  school  is  devel(ving  a 
new  field  of  usefulness  for  the  young  women  of  Baltimore  and 
Maryland  and  is  growing  in  popular  favor.  The  dignity  and 
importance  of  the  profession  of  nursing  were  never  so  well  appre- 
ciated in  this  community  as  now. 

From  the  early  days  of  the  hospital  to  the  present  it  has 
been  a  matter  of  frequent  comment  that  for  inteUectual  refine- 
ment and  for  mental  capacity  few  if  any  hospitals  in  America 
have  been  as  fortunate  as  The  Johns  Hopkins  Hospital  in  the 
personnel  of  its  Training  School  for  Nurses. 


1881 

(February  1,  18»1— January  81,  1892) 
The  report  for  the  year  ending  January  31,  1892,  contains 
the  names  of  the  first  class  of  nurses  who  graduated  from  the 

(S2) 


■diiiiMb^i^BiM^yAi^iM 


■  ■k'.^^'i^-i^  ■■i^^-*^.«-'?.^-^*i^.^i#^%*^.»>-^>>^_.^i..A^.^.^> 


EXTRACTS  PROM  ANNUAL  REPORTS 


training  school.  Among  them  are  Mary  E.  Oross  (Mrs. 
John  M.  T.  Finney),  Georgia  M.  Nevins  the  superintendent  of 
Garfield  Hospital,  Washington,  D.  C.,  M.  Adelaide  Nutting 
who  later  became  superintendent  of  nurses  in  The  Johns 
Hopkins  Hospital  Training  School  and  who  is  doing  such 
excellent  work  as  professor  in  the  Teachers'  Training  School 
at  Columbia  University,  New  York.  This  list  also  contains 
the  name  of  Susan  0.  Bead  (the  late  Mrs.  William  Sydney 
Thayer). 

1892 
(February  1,  1892— -Jauuary  SI,  loM) 

ICBDICAL  IN8TBUCTI0K 

In  the  report  for  the  year  ending  January  31,  1893, 
Dr.  Hurd  makes  a  most  important  announcement  relative  to 
the  opening  of  The  Johns  Hopkins  Medical  School. 

3y  the  endowment  of  the  medical  school  through  the  goieroslty 
of  MlsB  Garrett  and  others,  the  university  is  now  in  a  condition 
to  assume  the  responsibility  of  medical  Instmetlcni,  and  com- 
mencing with  October  1,  1893,  both  graduate  and  other  work  will 
cease  on  the  part  of  the  hospital.  It  is  gratifying,  In  the  review 
of  the  past  three  years,  to  notice  that  women  have  not  In  any 
respect  proven  a  disturbing  element  They  have  pursued  their 
work  under  the  same  conditions  as  men,  and  have  done  faithful, 
honest  and  successful  work.  Although  the  hospital  ceases  to 
do  any  more  medical  teaching,  the  fact  that  the  governing  idea 
in  its  erection  was  the  promotion  of  medical  teaching  cannot 
be  lost  sight  of.  The  c<«struction  of  the  wards,  the  locatitm  of 
the  laboratories,  the  arrangement  of  the  dispensary  and  amphi- 
theater, the  divers  systons  of  heating  and  ventilating,  and  the 
facilities  for  their  demonstration,  all  point  to  a  preoonoelved 
plan  that  the  hospital  should  do  its  share  in  the  work  of  prao* 
tical  Instruction.  It  is  confidently  believed  that  no  other  hospi- 
tal in  the  United  States  is  better  equipped  to  do  medical  teaA- 

S  (tS) 


■f      ■ 


HBNRT  MILLS  HURD 


In»,  or  In  Its  brief  eareor  has  done  more  thorouch  and  tucKeatlTe 
work.  The  same  faithful  work  wUl  be  oontlnaed  by  the  same 
men,  under  the  direction  of  the  university  In  future,  as  a  part 
of  the  curriculum  of  the  medical  school 


1  4 

!  ; 


LTINO-IN  AND  ORILDBEN's  WARDS 

The  epproachlng  opening  of  the  medical  8Cho<d  renders  It  Im- 
portant that  no  time  be  lost  In  arranging  for  the  erection  of 
a  lylng-ln  ward,  to  provide  for  the  proper  Instruction  of  medical 
students  and  nurses.  In  many  respects  It  seems  most  desirable 
thai  this  ward  be  situated  adjacent  to  the  hospital,  so  that  nurses 
may  be  readUy  provided,  and  yet  far  enough  removed  to  render 
It  free  frcan  the  stir  and  publicity  of  a  large  general  Iiospltel. 
and  a  numerously  attended  out-patient  department  This  building 
ought  eventually  to  be  built  upon  a  well-approved  plan,  and  should 
furnish  ample  accommodations  for  women  who  are  awaiting  con- 
finement, for  parturient  women,  and  for  those  who  suffer  from 
any  form  of  puerperal  Infection. 

A  children's  ward,  separate  and  distinct  from  other  wards,  must 
be  erected.  Such  a  ward  alone  wlU  give  children  the  prt^er  oppor- 
tnnlty  for  comfort  and  recovery. 

The  children  are  now  well  provided  for  in  the  Harriet  Lane 
Home.  After  long  years  of  waiting  it  is  a  pleaanre  to  know 
that  in  the  near  future  the  obstetrical  department  is  to  have 
adequate  and  most  satisfactory  accommodations. 

1888 

(February  1,  1898— January  81,  18M) 
In  the  repori;  for  the  year  ending  January  31,  1894, 

Dr.  Hurd  describes  the  colored  ward : 
The  oolcved  ward,  of  which  mention  was  made  in  the  last  report, 

has  also  been  erected  during  the  year  and  is  now  ready  for  the 

reception  of  patients.    It  ccmslsts  of  two  stories  surmounted  by 

a  half  story. 

(S4) 


■iMLaUiti.ri^^ 


EXTRACTS  PROM  ANNUAL  REPORTS 


i\ 


Thii  addition  to  the  hospital  has  been  of  great  value  as  it 
brings  all  the  colored  patients  under  one  roof  instead  of 
having  them  scattered  in  various  portions  of  the  institution. 

Dr.  Hurd  then  refers  to  important  changes  in  the  library. 

The  Qpening  of  the  medical  school,  and  the  Increased  demand 
for  medical  bocdn  on  the  part  of  modlcal  stadeots.  have  rendered 
It  desirable  to  pay  special  attention  to  the  Uhrarr  of  the  hospital. 
Hiss  Thles.  who  has  received  a  carefnl  tralnlnc  In  the  Enoch 
Pratt  Pre*  Library,  has  aeeordlntf 7  been  employed  at  the  J<rint 
expanse  at  the  onlverslty  and  howltal  to  eatalocne  and  arranfe 
the  collections  which  have  grown  r^ldly  during  the  year.  It  Is 
evident  that  by  the  doae  of  another  year  the  shelving  will  be 
filled,  and  no  more  room  will  be  available  for  future  additions.  It 
consequently  becomes  Important  to  know  how  Increased  acoom- 
modatloLS  can  be  secured. 

In  this  oonnectlofi  It  seems  eminently  pnqter  to  refer  to  the 
great  advantages  which  the  medlc&l  dDoers  of  the  hospital  and 
the  students  In  our  medical  courses  have  derived  from  the 
proximity  of  the  library  of  the  Surgeon  General's  Offlce.  The 
enlightened  policy  of  this  library,  whereby  valuable  books  of 
reterenoe  otherwine  unattainable  are  loaned  to  the  hospital  under 
satisfactory  guarantees  against  loss,  cannot  be  too  highly  praised. 
The  medical  offloers  of  the  hospital,  and  the  Instructors  and  stu- 
dents of  the  medical  sdiod,  are  under  many  obligations  for  the 
uniform  promptness  and  courtesy  of  those  who  have  charge  of 
this  unrivaled  collection  of  books  In  meeting  the  frequent  dcaiands 
made  upon  them. 

THX  WHITBBOSX  VUKD 

By  the  generous  act  .•^t  Mrs.  W.  E.  Woodyear,  of  Baltlmcnre.  the 
"  White  Rose  Fund  "  has  been  established  and  the  sum  of  $S000 
has  been  placed  at  the  disposal  of  the  trustees,  the  Interest  oC 
which  Is  to  be  used  for  the  comfort  and  happiness  of  sick  children. 
It  was  not  proposed  to  endow  a  bed  or  to  establish  a  charity,  but 
to  use  the  income  of  the  fund  in  sndi  a  way  as  to  promote  the 
oomf «»t  and  happiness  of  pow.  slek  eUldren  who  oooopy  beds  in 
the  public  wards  of  the  hoq^tal. 

(•■) 


HENRY  MILLS  HURD 


•i  ■<  • 


It  was  the  Intention  of  the  liberal  donor  to  provide  mean«  by 
which  flowers,  boolui,  pictures,  excursions,  music  and  other  means 
of  amusement  could  be  afforded  for  the  children  in  a  more  liberal 
manner  than  would  be  practicable  If  these  extra  expenses  were 
paid  out  of  the  income  of  the  hospital. 

It  is  doubtful  if  any  gift  to  the  hospital,  no  matter  how 
large,  has  yielded  more  downright  satisfaction  to  the  donor 
than  this  gift  has.  Year  after  year  Dr.  Hurd  has  referred  to 
how  much  it  has  meant  to  the  children  and  what  added  pleas- 
ures this  fund  has  made  possible.  He  has  always  been  most 
enthusiastic  when  speaking  of  it  in  report  after  report  It 
reminds  one  of  a  thread  of  gold  carried  through  from  year  to 
year.  Mrs.  Woodyear  gave  this  money  in  memory  of  her  little 
daughter,  Rose  Blanche  Woodyear. 

1884 

(February  1,  1894-January  31,  1895) 
In  the  year  1894  several  important  advances  were  made. 
Experience  having  shown  that  the  work  of  the  pathological 
department  was  of  great  value  and  Importance  to  every  other  de- 
partment, it  was  decided  by  the  trustees,  after  a  thorough  con- 
sideration  of  the  subject  by  the  medical  board,  to  organize  this 
department,  and  to  give  it  an  equal  standing  in  the  medical  staff 
by  appointing  a  resident  pathologist  and  an  assistant  resident 
pathologist    In  consequence  of  this  acUon.  Dr.  Simon  Plexner 
aModate  in  pathology  In  the  medical  school,  was  appointed  resi- 
dent pathologist,  and  Dr.  L.  P.  Barker,  the  associate  in  anatomy, 
was  appointed  assistant  resident  pathologist. 

As  far  as  is  known  at  present,  this  is  the  first  instance  where 
similar  ofllcers  have  been  appointed  with  staff  standing  in  con- 
nection with  any  hospital  In  the  United  States. 

OUT-PATIENT  0B8TBTBICAL  SSBTICB 
This  service  has  been  placed  under  the  Immediate  charge  of 
Dr.  J.  WhItrldge  Williams,  the  associate  in  obstetrics  In  The 

(86) 


li: 


■sssassssssm 


%aa 


EXTRACTS  FROM  ANNUAL  REPORTS 


Johns  H(  iklns  Medical  Sdiool.  who  hu  ncelved  the  app<dntin«nt 
of  MalstJit  oUtetrlclan  to  The  Johns  Hcvklns  Hospital.  Dr. 
O.  W.  Dobbin  has  been  appointed  an  additional  assistant  In  the 
gynecological  department  to  look  after  this  work  In  a  special 
manner,  both  In  the  dispensary  and  In  attending  patients  in  their 
homes.  It  Is  contemplated  that  poor  patients  expecting  to  be 
confined,  and  unable  to  pay  the  exoeases  of  a  physician,  shall 
Tlslt  Jie  dispensary  to  arrange  for  the  se:  rices  of  the  resident 
obstetrician.  In  arranging  for  this  service  It  is  hoped  to  be  able 
to  bring  relief  to  patients  who  require  the  services  of  a  physidan, 
and  to  furnish  the  attention  of  a  skilled  nurse  during  the  first 
24  hours  following  confinement  It  Is  expected  that  this  service 
win  eventually  grow  Into  a  branca  of  district  nursing. 

In  this  report  Dr.  Hurd  refers  to  the  resignation  of  Miss 
Hampton. 

Shortly  after  commenconent  exercises  In  June  last,  1894,  Miss 
HampUm,  who  had  been  the  superintendent  of  the  training  school 
ever  since  its  opening,  tendered  her  reslgnatltw.  Her  services 
to  the  school  had  be«i  of  great  value,  and  her  resignation  and 
relinquishment  of  all  training  school  wwk  must  be  regarded  a 
serious  loss  to  trained  nursing  throughout  the  country. 

Upon  her  resignation.  Miss  M.  A.  Nutting,  who  had  been  her 
assistant  for  the  previous  two  years,  received  the  appointment 
of  acting  superintendent  Subsequently,  in  Deconber  last  she 
was  appointed  superintendent,  and  given  leave  of  absence  for 
eight  months  from  February  first  t  visit  other  hospitals  and 
training  schools  in  this  country  and  Eurc^e.  to  see  their  methods 
and  to  perfect  herself  in  nursing  work. 

THB  COLOBSD  OBPHAN  ASTLUH 

In  Dr.  Hurd's  report  for  the  year  ending  January  31, 1895, 
we  find  the  first  report  of  the  colored  orphan  asylum. 

By  the  vrill  of  the  founder  of  the  hospital,  the  erection  and 
maintmanoe  of  a  colored  orphan  asylum  waa  enjoined,  and  pro- 
vision iras  made  tor  its  support  out  of  the  inoome  of  the  ho^tal 
fund. 

(»T) 


Lai£±.i:-*jl39lHlMaMBS£: 


.«.^^».M>.v>«^.«*^m^>*».i,*«^»^..^ife«p^*^ 


HBNRT  MIIXS  HURD 


A  tract  of  land  on  Ramiiiftmi  Atvobo  and  Klnf  Btr««t  haa  baaa 
imrehaaod  as  a  pormanent  alta  for  The  Johns  Hopkins  Colorad 
Orphan  Asylum,  and  tha  chlldrsn  har*  baan  ramorad  to  thair 
nafw  homa. 

A  detailed  report  of  the  committee  on  the  colored  orphan 
asylum  follow*  that  of  Dr.  Hurd. 

1886 

(Febnxarr  1.  1895— Janoarr  81,  1816) 
In  Dr.  Hurd's  report  for  the  year  ending  January  81, 1896, 
we  find  an  account  of  an  addition  to  the  diapensary : 

In  acoordanoa  with  the  raoommendatlon  of  the  medical  board, 
the  trustees  erected,  durlnc  the  summer  of  1886,  in  connection 
with  the  dispensary  foor  class4>ooms  for  the  aocommodatl<m  ot 
dassea  from  the  medical  achooL 

Dr.  Hurd  in  this  report  also  recor^  -le  death  of  one  of  the 
most  picturesque  members  of  the  hospital  family : 

Upon  the  16th  day  oi  October,  1896.  Mr.  L.  Winder  Emory,  who 
had  discharged  the  duties  of  purveyor  with  conspicuous  ability 
and  flCelity,  died  suddenly  at  angina  pectoris.  The  vacancy  thua 
created  was  flllfid  January  1,  1896.  by  the  appointment  of  B.  H. 
Read,  of  Baltimore,  who  immediately  entered  upon  the  diaeharie 
of  hla  duties. 

1886 

(February  1,  1896-^anuary  81.  1887) 
THB  OLXKIOAI.  LilBOXAIOBT 

In  the  report  for  the  year  ending  January  81,  1897, 
Dr.  Hurd  refers  to  the  new  clinical  laboratory : 

By  an  unexpected  gift  of  $10,000  from  a  generoua  donor,  whoae 
name  we  are  prohibited  to  mention,  it  haa  bean  practicable  to 
erect  a  large  and  convenient  (dinical  laboratory  for  the  use  o( 
the  hoapital  and  medical  school  between  the  amphitheatre  and 

<M) 


_-^"  vM»*f  ?i:..n. 


•t-Jh^jt/^...-^  <  '■-■if^^  V? 


BXTRACT8  FROM  ANNUAL  RTORTB 

diipcBMury.  Thia  portion  of  tho  building,  whlcb  wu  (onBorly  on* 
■toi7  la  holgbt.  bM  now  bMn  nlMd  to  tbroo  itortM.  tad  tbo 
•ddltlonnl  room  fnmlihM  ampl*  Moommodi^  jb  fMr  modioli 
olnMM> 

Min  Nutting's  report  to  the  raperintendent  for  the  yeu 
1896  announcee  the  inangnration  of  the  three-year  course  in 
the  Training  School  for  Nurses. 

The  demand  for  Information  oonoemlng  tbe  school  remains 
about  as  nsoal: 

The  nomber  of  written  i^plleatlont  for 

olreolars  !!*• 

AppUoante  formallr  oonsldered IM 

Aeoepted  awUeaats  91 

Among  the  acknowledgments  for  the  year  ending  January 
81, 1897,  Dr.  Hurd  mentions  Mr.  Spence's  gift  of  a  reproduc- 
tion of  Thorwaldsen's  statue  of  Christ: 

One  «t  tbe  most  notewortbr  and  wproprlato  glfU  irtiltih  tbe 
bowltal  bas  ever  reoelTod  Is  a  reprodoetloa  ol  Tb<Mrwaldsea's 
celebrated  statoe  of  Christ,  b7  Stain  of  Copenhagen,  wbleh  baa 
been  plaoed  In  tbe  rotonda  thronsb  tbe  llbersllty  (if  William 
Wallace  Bpuoe  •  of  Baltimore.  A  full  account  of  tbe  Interesting 
ezerelsee  at  tbe  ouTeUlng  of  tbls  statue^  together  with  the  ad- 
dresses dellTcred  on  tbat  oeeasUm,  was  publlshed  In  tbe  BcuJRnr 
for  January,  1M7. 

The  superintendent's  report  for  the  year  ending  January  81, 
1897,  giwa  for  ihe  first  time  the  «  By-Laws,  Rules  and  Begu- 
lations  of  The  Johns  Hopkins  HoipitaL"  A  perusal  of  this 
18-page  article  gives  a  most  illuminating  idea  of  the  inner 
working  of  this  hospital. 

•Tbe  reader  will  be  interested  to  know  that  Mr.  (^yeooe 
rounded  out  bis  e«itarf— he  died  a  abort  time  after  bis  109th 
Mrtbday. 

(39) 


i^SL: 


..U«.«.>«i>,U-«.^t>w;w»"'>:^t'"-'*v»^.»->">^.di»* 


t*. !» ii^  i.i ^...P^.f>,^\^l, 


HBNRT  MILLg  HURD 


r-f 


ir^.! 


1897 

(Fibruarr  1,  1897— JanoMT  81.  18M) 
In  1897  the  first  claH  of  The  Johns  Hopkim  Medical  School 
receiTed  their  degrees  from  The  Johns  Hopkins  Unirersi^, 
and  the  12  students  who  stood  highest  in  their  class  were 
eligible  for  positions  in  the  hospital.  Dr.  Hard  in  his  report 
for  the  year  ending  January  31,  1898,  says: 

BedDDljiff  with  the  first  of  September.  1897,  12  members  of  the 
graduating  class  of  The  Johns  Hopkins  Medical  School  are  In 
future  to  be  appointed  resident  medical  officers.  These  phTslelans 
are  dlrlded  Into  three  groups,  and  serve  four  months  In  each 
department  of  hospital  service,  the  service  being  determined  by 
lot.  In  this  manner  each  resident  medical  officer  secures  four 
months  service  In  medicine,  surgery  and  gynecology. 

In  addition  to  these  resident  medical  officers,  the  resident 
physician,  surge<m  and  gynecologist  each  Is  supplied  with  a  first 
and  sec<md  assistant,  who  are  appointed  from  those  who  have 
had  previous  hospital  experience.  The  working  of  this  plan  has 
thus  far  been  satisfactory. 

In  accordance  with  this  arrtmgement  the  following-named  per- 
sons were  appointed  resident  medical  officers  •:  Drs.  O.  L.  Hunner. 
J.  P.  Mitchell,  O.  B.  Pancoast,  L.  P.  Hamburger,  Thomas  R.  Brown, 
B.  L.  Ople,  R.  P.  Strong,  W.  O.  MacCallum.  W.  8.  Davis,  I.  P. 
Lyon,  C.  A.  Penrose  and  Mary  S.  Packard. 

The  rotation  system  was  abandoned  after  a  few  years. 


*  Taken  as  a  whole  this  was  the  most  remarkable  group  that 
has  ever  graduated  from  The  Johns  Hopkins  Medical  School. 
Several  of  them  have  International  reputations. 

Dr.  Walter  S.  Davis  died  In  September,  1898.  and  In  the  Annual 
Report  of  the  Ho(q>ltal  for  that  year  Dr.  Hurd  paid  a  fitting  tribute 
to  his  worth. 

Recently  Dr.  Clement  Andarlese  Penrose,  -""other  member  of 
this  group,  died.    He  received  his  A.B.  deg.      from  The  Jc^ns 

(40) 


Ai 


-.--^w 


t^^^&s^baSL. 


■'  ^gtig^jIfR-JMi^. . 


BXTRACT8  FROM  ANNUAL  RBPORTB 


Dr.  Hurd'i  report  for  this  year  also  contaiiu  an  account  of 
the  addition  to  the  gynecological  operating  room  rendered 
poaaible  by  the  generosity  of  Dr.  Howard  A.  Kelly,  who  gave 
$6000  to  auiat  in  defraying  the  expenses. 

Hopkins  UnlTertity  in  1893  and  immedUtoly  entorsd  the  Msdlcal 
School.  After  his  year  as  Intern  he  located  in  Baltlmwe  and  In  a 
few  years  was  recognised  as  on*  of  the  most  promising  of  the 
yonnger  physicians. 

In  1908  he  serred  as  Vice-Director  and  Surgeon  of  the  Bahama 
Expedition.  His  report  of  the  medical  condltii»ts  noted  on  the  trip 
is  rery  interesting.  Ths  most  valuable  paper  was  that  on  Leprosy. 
This  paper  graphically  depicted  i>c  deplcnrable  condition  existing 
in  the  Bahamas  due  to  leprosy  snu  to  degeneracy  resultiuir  '^om 
close  intermarriage. 

In  the  spring  of  1917  he  waa  appointed  Chairman  of  the  ii_ 
timore  Food  Eommny  Commission  and  did  much  to  further  food 
consenratiim. 

In  August  1917  he  was  commissioned  major  in  the  United  State* 
Army  and  was  sent  by  the  surgeon  gr  ^eral  to  make  an  exhaustlT* 
study  oa  army  sanitation  in  the  English  and  French  armies. 
General  Oorgas  in  speaking  of  Dr.  Penroee's  report  said:  "Tills 
report  has  been  of  great  value  to  the  Medical  Department  of  the 
United  SUtes  Army." 

After  completing  his  work  on  sanitation  he  took  charge  of  a 
three-hundred  bed  hospital  at  Ckmdrioourt,  France.  Here  he 
contracted  a  septic  bronchitis  irtildi  nearly  caused  his  death  at  the 
time.   He  partially  recovered  but  was  left  with  an  Impaired  heart 

He  returned  to  America  late  in  December  and  (or  a  time  waa 
able  to  resume  his  practice.  In  Mardi  1919  the  infection  again 
became  pronounced.  He  gradually  lost  ground  and  died  early  on 
the  morning  of  July  4,  1919. 

Penrose  was  an  excellent  medical  consultant,  a  man  of  rare 
Judgmmt,  beloved  by  his  patients  and  a  loyal  friend.  His  death 
was  a  great  loss  to  the  cltisens  of  Baltimore. 

<41> 


•^-  '^■^*^- :..  '•TA-«^^Hi.w-g-.-fa'^»>-*"^->**-"'*^ngr*Tr 


I   I 

I: 


■I 


HBNRT  MILLS  HURD 


In  Dr.  Hurd'8  report  for  this  year  scholarshipg  and  honor- 
able mention  in  the  Training  School  for  Nuraes  are  recorded 
for  the  first  time. 

Dr.  Hnrdsays: 

The  experience  of  anotber  year  has  denumstrated  the  feasibUlty 
and  dealrabUlty  of  extending  the  course  of  training  of  nurses 
from  two  to  three  years.  The  changes  In  the  course  of  study 
hare  enabled  nurses  to  spend  more  time  In  learning  the  funda- 
mental branches  of  their  work,  and  the  shortening  of  hours  of 
duty  has  enabled  them  to  bring  greater  freshness  and  vigor  of 
mind  to  their  studies  and  regular  dnUes.  The  result  has  been 
to  improve  the  standard  of  nursing,  and  to  give  a  greater  state 
of  efficiency  to  the  school  than  it  has  ever  prerloosly  had. 


r  r 


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I.      4: 


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i'  •  ■ 


EXTRACTS  FROM  ANNUAL  REPORTS 


Chapteb  VI 

EXTRACTS    PROM    THE   JOHNS'    HOPKINS 

HOSPITAL  ANNUAL  REPORTS  FOR 

1898-1905 

1888 

(FebnuuT  1.  IMfr-nJanoaiT  81,  18M) 
In  his  report  for  the  year  ending  January  31,  1899,  refer- 
ence is  made  to  an  incident  that  cast  a  pall  over  the  hospital 
family.   It  is  vividly  remembered  to  this  day : 

It  is  mr  ud  dntr  to  report  the  death  of  Dr.  L.  B.  Livliicood 
who  had  filled  the  positicm  of  aaslstant  resident  patholoclst  fw 
two  years,  and  who  had  seenred  a  leave  of  absence  to  go  to 
Barope  for  farther  study.  He  left  his  dnties  July  1  and  was 
drowned  a  few  days  after  in  the  destraotlon  of  thetlll4ated 
steamer  La  Bourgoyne.  He  possessed  onnsnal  ability,  great  in- 
dustry and  a  finely  trained  mind,  a  combination  of  goalities  whieb 
gave  every  promise  of  snccess  as  a  teacher  and  research  worker. 
In  his  death  the  hospital  and  the  medical  nchodl  have  ezper^ 
enoed  a  severe  loss. 

The  hospital  lost  another  of  its  young  medical  men  during 
this  year.  Dr.  Walter  S.  Davis  died  of  Addipon's  disease  on 
September  27, 1898.    In  referring  to  him  Dr.  Hurd  says : 

Dr.  Davis  was  full  of  energy  and  enthosiasm,  and  daring  his 
medical  coarse  tai^  his  year  of  hospital  rssidoiee  showed  him- 
self thorooA  in  his  work,  consdentioos  in  the  disdiarge  of  duties 
and  eOeient  and  faithful  in  all  he  attonpted  to  do.  His  taadiws 
and  associates  anticipated  higji  raoeass  for  him  in  his 
professiim.  and  all  lament  his  untimely  death. 

(M) 


^m^^ki^&uMu. 


HBJNRT  MILLS  HURD 


5 

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A  glance  through  the  list  for  this  year  of  those  who  secured 
scholarships  in  nursing  is  particularly  interesting.  Among 
the  names  in  the  senior  class  is  Elsie  Lawler,  our  present 
superintendent  of  nurses.  In  the  junior  class  the  name  of 
Agnes  Hartridre,  one  of  the  present  assistant  superintendents 
of  the  hospital.  The  steady  advancement  of  these  two  mem- 
bers  of  the  training  school  for  nurses  is  ample  proof  that 
Miss  Nutting  made  no  mistake  in  her  selection  of  her  pupils 
meriting  scholarships. 

1899 

(February  1,  1899--Januar7  31,  1900) 

QBADUATES  FILLING  POSITIONS  AS  8UPEBINTENDBNT8  OF  TKAIN- 

INO  SCHOOLS  FOB  NUB8B8 

One  of  the  most  interesting  items  in  the  report  for  the  year 
ending  January  31,  1900,  is  a  list  of  the  graduates  of  the 
teammg  school  who  are  fiUing  positions  as  super  uitendents  of 
trainmg  schools  for  nurses.  This  list  contains  the  names  of 
24  graduates  of  The  Johns  Hopkins  Training  School  who  are 
now  themselves  the  heads  of  training  schools.  Nothing  could 
show  more  graphically  how  much  the  gxaduates  of  this  school 
are  appreciated  throughout  the  United  States  and  Canada. 

1900 

(February  1,  1900-^anuary  81,  IMl) 
In  the  report  for  the  year  ending  January  31,  1901, 
Dr.  Hurd  refers  especially  to  Volumes  VIII  and  IX  of  The 
Johns  Hopkins  Hospital  Reports: 

ITie  past  year  has  been  one  of  considerable  activity  In  the  pub- 
llaitlon.  of  the  hospital.  Volume  VIII  of  the  Reports,  containing 
exhauatlve  studle.  by  Dr.  Osier  and  hi.  staff  in  typhoid  fever 
ha.  recenuy  been  pubUrtied.  and  Volume  IX.  which  oontalw  88 

(44) 


EXTRACTS  FROM  ANNUAL  REPORTS 


elaborate  articles  impared  origlnallr  1>7  hia  ■tudents  to  celebrate 
the  26th  annlTenary  of  the  doctorate  of  Profenor  W.  H.  Weldi, 
the  pathologist  of  the  hospital,  was  poUlshed  in  April  last  aod 
constltntes  a  Tplume  of  nearly  1100  pages.  In  point  of  ezceUence 
of  matter  and  thorough  presentation  of  seienUfle  work  the  rolune 
is  follr  equal,  if  not  snperior.  to  any  of  similar  character  erer 
pablished  in  this  conntry. 

In  addition,  the  Bvuxra  has  been  regolarly  published  with 
increasingly  valuable  contributions  each  month.  Volume  ZI 
which  was  completed  with  the  December  issue,  contains  S40  pages 
and  numerous  illustratioas. 

1901 

(February  1.  1901— January  81,  1902) 
In  the  report  for  the  year  ending  January  31,   1902, 
Dr.  Hurd  again  refers  to  the  great  value  of  Thb  Johks  Hop- 
KIK8  Hospital  Bullxtin  and  of  the  Reports.   He  says : 

Volume  X  of  The  Johnt  HopMnt  Hotpital  Report*  is  in  progress 
and  will  be  completed  during  the  present  summer.  The  Buixbtih 
of  the  hospital  has  been  issued  monthly  during  the  year  and 
has  now  reached  an  annual  volume  of  nearly  400  pages.  It  is 
gratifying  to  observe  how  extensively  it  is  circulated  and  Quoted 
both  ip  this  country  snd  in  Europe.  It  U  evident  that  this  pub- 
licatiob  has  made  a  permanent  place  for  itstif  in  medical  literap 
ture  and  our  publishers  inform  me  that  the  series  ol  volumes  is 
already  in  aeUve  demand  to  supply  libraries.  The  V9tn  pre- 
sented in  it  during  the  past  12  years  form,  in  fact,  •  good  com- 
mentary upOT  >Jie  advance  of  sdentiflc  medicine  in  America. 

During  *'  year,  it  may  be  added,  the  volume  of  the  Buir 

inmrhas  ^  upward  of  900  octavo  pages  of  reading  mattw. 

Dr.  Hi  '-  M  mentions  the  substantial  addition  to  the 
public  gynecological  ward : 

During  the  year,  in  order  to  furnish  additional  aocmnmodatioos 
for  paUents  recovering  from  gynecological  operaticms.  and  to 
secure  tftdlities  for  an  examining  room  and  laboratory  in  oonneo- 

(45) 


if 


HgNRY  miXS  HPRD 

Uon  with  thla  ward.  Dr.  Kelly,  with  crMtt  UberaUtir.  gaT«  to  tli* 
hospital  the  tttin  of  $10,000.  This  anm  haa  been  expended  In  bolld- 
Ing  upon  the  north  tide  of  the  public  gynecidoclcal  ward,  a  large 
tw&etory  annex  which  aftorde  accommodations  tar  12  patients. 

The  superintendent  also  gave  a  complete  list  of  the  larger 
donations  made  to  the  hospitol  from  the  time  of  its  completion 
up  to  the  end  of  1901. 

1902 
(Pebroary  1.  IMZ-Jannary  81,  1908) 
From  Miss  Nutting's  report  to  Dr.  Hurd  for  the  year  ending 
January  31,  1903,  we  learn  of  the  esteem  in  which  graduates 
of  the  training  school  are  held.  This  is  shown  by  the  large 
number  of  requests  for  nurses  to  fill  important  positions  m 
other  schools : 

Letters  requesting  us  to  send  our  graduates  to  fill  positions  as 
ffdlows: 

Superintendents   26 

Assistants    C 

Head  nurses  . .  .*. 15 

1908 

(FebnuuT  1,  1908— Janoarr  81,  1904) 
Nearly  every  hospital  board  of  trustees  has  its  period  of 
anxiety  and  perplexity  wonderng  just  how  it  will  meet  its 
financial  obligations.  The  trustees  of  The  Johns  Hopkins 
Hospital  have  been  men  of  affairs — ^men  possessing  r  broad 
vision — and  they  have  in  every  instance  found  their  way  out  of 
the  dilemma.    Early  in  1904,*  however,  without  a  day's  wam- 

*  As  It  often  requires  six  months  to  assemble  the  data  at  the 
preceding  year  the  annual  r^ort  ajwcvs  about  the  middle  of 
the  following  year;  hence  the  Balttanere  Are  ct  Febniary.  1904, 
was  mentioned  In  the  report  for  1908. 

(4t) 


fl 


EXTRACTS  FROM  ANNUAL  REPORTS 


ing,  thdr  annual  income  was  for  fhe  time  being  maricedly 
impaired.  Dr.  Hnrd  in  his  annual  report  published  early  in 
1904  refers  to  this  critical  period  in  the  hospital's  career  in 
detail: 

To  X%«  Board  of  Trutteet  of  The  Johnt  Eopkitu  EotpUat: 

GKfiuicBir.— The  dose  of  the  past  year  of  the  hospital  has 
been  marked  by  the  most  serious  calamity  whldi  has  belSllSD 
the  hospital  daring  its  ezlstenee.  On  the  morning  of  FAmary  7^ 
almost  before  it  had  beoi  possible  to  sum  up  the  results  of  the 
operations  of  the  prerions  flseal  year,  whldi  dosed  February  1, 
a  general  oonflagratlon  swept  orer  the  dty  of  Baltimore  and 
pnnred  most  disastrous  to  the  real  and  lease-hold  property  ot 
the  hospltaL  Dwlng  the  fire  <4  stores,  warehouses  and  offloe 
buildings,  widely  soattered  in  the  business  portion  of  the  dty, 
representing  an  aasessed  Talnation  of  more  than  a  million  and 
a  quarter  dollars,  were  destroyed,  entailing  a  loss  of  laoome 
for  at  least  two  years  of  about  $120,000.  ▲  portion  of  this  loss 
was  made  up  by  insurance.  In  aooordaaee,  howerer.  with  the 
policy  of  the  hospital,  an  insurance  liad  not  been  secured  against 
a  total  loss,  but  merdy  for  t  sum  which  had  been  deoned  suf- 
fldent  to  provide  for  rebuUdlng  In  ease  of  partial  destrueUon 
by  lire.  The  results,  however,  prored  that  such  Insnranoe  was 
wholly  Inadequate  to  repair  the  efteoU  of  a  widespread  calamity, 
and  a  loss  of  c^tal  funds  ot  between  1800.000  snd  $400,000 
resulted. 

For  sereral  weeks  thereafter  great  anxiety  was  f dt  lest  it  should 
beoome  n»~8ssary  to  curtail  seriously  the  work  of  the  hospital 
by  closing  wards  and  cutting  down  the  stalt  of  nurses  and 
employes.  Throuiji  the  liberality,  howerer,  ct  Mr.  John  D.  Rodte- 
fdler,  of  New  York,  who  had  familiarised  himsdf  thoroughly 
with  the  work  of  the  hospital,  its  financial  standing,  and  ita  loss 
of  income  and  capital,  a  half  million  ddlars  hare  been  plaoed  at 
the  disposal  of  the  trustees  to  repair  these  losses  and  to  enable 
the  work  to  go  oa  without  diminution.  Never  was  assistaaes 
man  timely  to  the  instltutloa.  The  magnitude  of  the  work  at 
the  hospital  and  the  need  of  laereaslag  dialoal  fs^lltles  to 

(4T) 


HENRY  MILLS  HURD 


lil 


the  growing  demands  of  the  medical  8cho<«  had  hitherto  oon- 
earned  all  its  Income  and  had  left  no  arallahle  fond  to  meet  the 
unforeseen  emergency  of  rebaUdlng  Its  warehouses.  Hence  the 
pecQliarly  Umely  character  of  the  aid  afforded  by  Mr.  RockefeUer. 
and  the  critical  condition  of  the  insUtaUon  wlthoat  sndi  assis- 
tance. The  thanks  of  the  medical  staff  of  the  hospital  and  of 
the  officers  of  the  medical  school  are  due  to  him  tot  his  prompt 
and  generoas  recognlUon  of  the  educational  work  of  the  hospital. 

At  a  special  meeting  of  the  Board  of  Trustees  of  The  Johns 
Hopkins  Hospital  on  Thursday,  April  7, 1904,  the  following  action 
was  unanimously  taken  in  reference  to  the  gift  of  Mr.  Rodceteller: 

"  In  Tiew  of  the  donation  of  1600,000  made  to  The  Johns  Hop- 
kins Hospital  by  John  D.  Rockefeller: 

"RetolveA,  That  the  Trustees  of  The  Johns  Hopkins  Hospital 
desire  to  express  their  grateful  appreciation  of  the  gift  of  Mr. 
John  D.  Rockefeller  to  The  Johns  E(q>kins  Hospital,  announced 
to  the  trustees  by  his  son,  Mr.  John  D.  Ro<*efeUer,  Jr.,  in  a 
letter  to  Dr.  William  Osier.  This  munificent  donation  will  enable 
the  hospital  to  continue  its  worits  of  charity,  medical  education 
medical  research  and  the  training  <rf  nursee;  and  the  trustees 
hope  and  beHeve  that  by  a  wise  use  of  this  donation  they  will  be 
able  to  expand  and  improve  the  great  Institution  committed  to 
their  custody." 

The  report  for  the  year  ending  January  31,  1904,  contains 
the  foUowing  sentence:  "In  the  out-patient  obstetrical  de- 
partment there  were  285  cases  treated,  with  no  deaths."  This 
speaks  volumes  for  the  splendid  work  being  done  by  the 
obstetrical  department. 

This  year  brought  another  Uberal  donation  to  the  hospital. 
Through  the  liberality  of  Mr.  Henry  Phipps,  of  Pittsburgh,  the 
sum  of  $20,000  has  been  given  to  the  tn  .ees  of  the  hospital  to 
Increase  the  facilities  of  the  out-patient  department  for  the  study 
and  treatment  of  tubercular  patients.  It  was  the  wish  of  the 
donor  that  one-half  of  this  sum  should  be  used  to  construct  a 
separate  dispensary  for  tubercular  patients  so  as  to  render  it 

(48) 


EXTRACTS  FROM  ANNUAL  REPORTS 


possible  to  segregate  these  from  other  patients.  It  was  his  far- 
ther wish  that  the  remaining  $10,000  should  be  so  Inrested  that 
the  InocHne  may  serve  to  promote  special  work  and  InTestlgatlm. 

In  this  report  Dr.  Hurd  quotes  extensively  frcm  a  scholarly 
paper  by  a  member  of  the  hospital  staff.  This  article  is 
entitled  "The  Kelation  of  The  Johns  Hopkins  Hospital  to 
Medical  Education  and  the  Promotion  of  Medical  Knowl- 
edge." It  gives  a  dear  and  concise  view  of  the  close  connec- 
tion between  the  work  of  the  hospital  and  the  medical  school. 
It  takes  up  in  succession : 

1.  Construction  of  the  hospital. 

2.  Medical  organization  of  the  hospital. 

3.  Belation  of  the  hospital  to  medical  education. 

4.  Relation  of  the  hospital  to  the  advancement  of  medical 
knowledge. 

5.  The  treatment  of  patients. 

6.  The  Training  School  for  Nurses. 

7.  Belation  of  the  medical  school  to  the  university  and  to 
the  hospital. 

This  paper  should  be  read  by  all  interested  in  medical 
teaching  and  in  hospital  management. 

In  the  report  for  the  year  ending  January  31,  1904,  we 
find  the  first  annual  report  of  the  x-ray  department.  Dr.  F.  H. 
Baetjer  has  been  in  charge  of  this  department  from  its  incep- 
tion up  to  the  present  time.  He  has  made  an  unusual  success 
of  this  important  branch  of  the  work. 

In  the  annual  report  for  1903  Dr.  Hurd  has  made  a  notable 
innovation.  He  gives  a  complete  list  of  the  trustees  of  the 
hospital  from  1867  to  the  present  There  is  also  a  complete 
list  of  the  officers  of  The  Johns  Hopkins  Hospital  from  1889 


! 


. 


■■-  i 


HBNRT  MILLS  HTJRD 


(?3i 


I 

f. 


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'I' 


to  1903.  This  list  includes  not  only  all  the  senior  members  of 
the  staif,  but  also  every  resident  physician,  resident  surgeon, 
resident  gynecologist,  resident  obstetrician,  resident  patholo- 
gist, assistant  resident  physician,  assistant  resident  surgeon, 
assistant  resident  gynecologist,  assistant  resident  obsvetrician, 
assistant  resident  pathologist,  and  every  house  medical  o£Bcer. 
It  is  in  reality  an  up-to-date  directory  of  every  medical  man 
who  is  or  has  been  connected  with  the  hospital  since  its  open- 
ing.   It  will  be  of  the  greatest  value  in  succeeding  years. 

1904 

(F^mary  1.  1904->7aDaar7  81,  190B) 

Dr.  Hurd  in  his  report  for  this  year  refers  to  the  new  clinical 
building. 

The  amphitheatre  and  surgical  building,  to  which  referesee 
was  made  In  the  last  report,  were  completed  and  made  ready  for 
oocupancjr  In  October,  1904.  A  fnll  description  was  given  in  the 
last  report,  and  need  not  be  repeated  h«re. 

The  building  has  proven  eztronelj  useful,  and  has  added  very 
much  to  the  convenience  of  the  surgeons  In  their  <q>erative  work, 
and  has  afforded  needed  facilities  for  those  who  are  engaged  in 
teaching. 

The  basement  of  the  building  has  been  fitted  up  tat  a  genito- 
nrlnary  ellnle,  under  the  charge  of  Dr.  H.  H.  Toung. 

The  new  surgical  building  and  clinical  amphitheatre  were  tor- 
mally  opened  on  October  5.  1904.  Appropriate  addresses  were 
made  by  Henry  D.  Harlan,  president  of  the  Bok/d  of  Trustees; 
Dr.  Lewis  A.  Stimson,  of  New  York;  Dr.  T.  ClUrord  Allbutt,  of 
Cambridge,  England;  Dr.  A.  Jaeobl,  of  New  Tork;  and  Dr.  D.  C 
Oilman,  ex-president  of  The  Johns  Hopldns  University.  At  the 
unveiling  of  the  tablet  in  mem(»y  of  Dr.  Jeese  W.  Laiear,  ad- 
dresses  were  made  by  Dr.  James  Carroll,  of  the  United  States 
Army,  and  by  Dr.  William  S.  Thayer. 

(SO) 


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MtaAl 


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a^ 


EXTRACTS  PROM  ANNUAL  RBP0RT8 


Dr.  Hurd  in  thii  report  •!«)  refers  to  the  opening  of  the 
Phippa  TnbercnlosiB  Diapensary. 

The  Phippa  dispenMry  wm  opened  with  epproprlete  eeremcnlee 
on  the  21»t  of  Pebnuur  of  the  present  yeer.  Short  eddreaeea 
were  made  by  Mr.  Henry  Phlppe;  Dr.  Wlllltm  Oeler;  Dr.  B.  M. 
Blggi,  of  New  York  CJlty;  end  Dr.  Henry  Bulon  Jeoobe,  weel- 
dent  of  the  Leennee  Society,  a  aodety  for  the  etady  of  tuber    UMds. 

Mr.  Phlppe  eabeequently  gaTO  $6000  to  be  need  for  the  vurdiase 
of  book*  and  apparatus  and  for  the  endowment  of  the  dispensary. 
Under  the  arrangements  which  were  mad^  the  sum  of  |10.<KW 
from  Mr.  Phlpps's  former  donation  was  used  In  th3  construe- 
Uon  of  the  Phlppe  dispensary,  and  the  remaining  $10,000  was 
set  aside  as  a  permanent  endowment 

1906 

(February  1,  1906— January  SI.  IMO) 
The  effects  of  the  fire  were  felt  for  a  long  period  of  time, 
and  in  Dr.  Hurd's  report  to  the  trustees  for  the  year  ending 
January  81,  1906,  we  find  the  following  reference  to  the 
financial  stress  that  was  still  felt  by  the  hospital : 

The  work  of  the  hospital  during  the  past  year  has  been  at- 
tended with  unususl  cares  and  anHettes.  due  largely  to  the  dis- 
turbed finances  of  the  InsUtutton.  eonsequent  upon  a  diminution 
of  Income.  When  the  last  report  waa  presented.  It  was  hoped 
that,  by  speedy  rebuilding.  Inoreased  rentals  fr«m»  the  buildings 
which  were  erected  might  become  aTallable  at  an  early  day  ao 
that  the  necessity  of  plndilng  econony  might  be  remored.  Un- 
fortunately. howoTer,  the  expense  and  delays  of  rebuilding,  due 
to  the  rush  to  erect  a  large  number  of  buildings  at  the  same  time 
In  the  burnt  area,  rendered  It  impoeslble  to  regain  the  full  Income 
of  the  hoepltal  during  any  portion  of  the  year,  and  we  are  foroed 
to  conclude  It  with  a  iwrge  deficit  It  to  hoped  that  the  oomlng 
year  will  be  more  prosperous. 

(SI) 


I 


HENRY  MILL43  HtJRD 


r  i; 

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! 


BESIONATION  OF  DS.  OBLEB 

The  departure  of  Professor  Osier  wrenched  the  heart-strings 
of  each  and  all  of  the  Hopkins  family.  Dr.  Hurd  in  his  report 
said: 

In  May  last  Dr.  William  Osier,  who  had  filled  the  position  of 
physldanln-chlef  to  the  hospital  since  its  openinc  in  1889,  re- 
signed to  accept  the  position  of  professor  of  medicine  at  the 
University  of  Oxford.  This  closed  a  most  faithful,  efficient  and 
active  service  on  the  part  of  Professor  Osier,  covering  a  period 
of  18  years.  During  thla  Ume  he  had  given  himself  unUringly 
to  the  work  of  the  hospital  and  had  won  reputation  as  erne  of  the 
most  accomplished  clinical  t«achers  in  America.  Through  his 
energy  and  foresight  the  organization  of  the  medical  service  of 
the  hospital  was  early  perfected,  and  his  long  period  of  service 
enabled  him  to  fully  develop  the  plans  formed  upon  his  coming 
to  the  hospital.  He  was  much  beloved  by  his  patients  and  by 
the  members  of  the  medical  staff.  The  trustees  in  his  departure 
have  lost  an  inspiring  and  a  stlmulaUng  personality.  It  is  grati- 
fying to  know  that  he  is  to  return  at  stated  intervals  to  Balti- 
more, in  order  to  keep  himself  In  touch  with  the  work  of  the 
hospital  and  of  the  medical  school. 

APPOINTMENTS  OP  DB.  BABKEB  AND  DB.  THAYEB 
To  fill  the  vacancy  occasioned  by  the  resignaUon  of  Dr.  Oslw, 
Dr.  Lewellys  P.  Barker,  of  the  University  of  Chicago,  onc«  an 
intern  and  later  a  resident  pathologist  in  the  hospital,  and  for 
several  years  a  teacher  In  the  medical  school,  was  appointed  phy- 
sician-lnKjhief,  and  Dr.  William  S.  Thayer,  for  many  years  resi- 
dent physician  at  the  hospital,  and  former  associate  in  medicine, 
w&a  appointed  associate  physician.  Under  the  experienced  guid- 
ance of  these  able  men,  it  is  confidently  felt  that  the  medical 
work  of  the  hospital  will  continue  with  undiminished  efficiency. 

The  accommodation  for  children  in  the  past  had  been  totally 
inadequate  and  through  the  cooperation  of  the  trustees  of  the 

(62) 


EXTRACTS  FROM  ANNUAL  REPORTS 


Harriet  Lane  Home  and  those  of  the  hospital  it  looked  as  if 
ample  facilities  would  be  afforded. 

Miss  Helen  Skipworth  Wilmer,  a  graduate  of  The  Johns 
Hopkins  Training  School  for  Nurses,  gave  $30,000  in  memory 
of  her  father,  and  the  trustees  contemplated  using  this  money 
in  erecting  an  additional  building  for  the  accommodation  of 
the  ever-increasing  number  of  pupil  nurses. 

Dr.  Hurd  in  his  report  on  these  projects  said : 

Br  the  will  of  tbe  late  Mrs.  Harriet  Lane  Johnstoo,  of  Washlnf- 
ton,  a  home  for  Invalid  children  from  the  state  of  Maryland  has 
recently  heen  established  with  an  ample  endowment,  to  be  known 
as  the  Harriet  Lane  Home  for  Invalid  Children  of  Baltimore  City. 
After  conilderable  thought  upon  the  matter,  the  trustees  at  the 
home  deemed  It  wise  to  establish  a  worklnc  relati<m  between  the 
proposed  Institution  and  some  well-organized  hospital.  Accord- 
ingly, upon  mature  ccmsidoratlon  on  the  part  of  the  trustees  of 
The  Johns  Hopkins  Hospital  and  of  the  Home  for  Invalid 
Children  an  arrangement  has  been  made  whereby  the  home  will 
be  placed  as  a  children's  hospital  for  medical  and  surgical  cases 
VLVr.u  the  grounds  ot  The  Johns  Hopkins  Hospital.  The  hospital 
will  provide  a  site  for  the  building  free  ot  charge,  furnish  heat 
and  light,  and  assume  the  maintenance  and  nursing  of  the  children 
at  a  specified  price.  The  home  will  remain  under  the  charge  of 
the  Board  of  Trustees  as  established  by  its  founder,  and  an  agree- 
ment has  been  made  which  will  insure  a  wholly  harmcmlons  rela- 
tion between  the  two  Institutions. 

In  December  last  Miss  Helen  Skipworth  Wilmer,  of  Bait.' n  ire, 
offered  to  the  hospital  the  sum  of  |30,000  to  be  used  to  erect  a 
memorial  to  her  father,  the  late  Skipworth  WUmer,  Esquire,  a 
prominent  dtixen  of  Baltimore,  and  for  a  number  of  years  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Board  of  Trustees  of  T  ohns  Hcvkins  Hospital. 
Mr.  Wilmer,  during  his  entire  connection  with  the  hospital,  felt 
a  special  interest  In  the  educatiou  of  nurses,  and  it  seems  pecu- 
liarly fitting  that  his  daughter  sho'ild  thus  desire  to  perpetuate 


1 


HSNRT  MtTXf  HUFD 


1 


bit  maoMrr.  Th*  tniitMa  bav«  aooDptea  the  gift,  ud  propoN 
to  erect  In  oonnaetloa  with  th«  nuriM'  bom*  an  addition*!  boUd- 
Inc  to  ba  OMd  aa  dormltortea  tor  tba  nuraaa. 

Strangers  going  to  and  from  the  hoapital  often  linger  to 
examine  the  son  dial  and  in  sunny  ircuti?r  r  t'  bee  how  closely 
their  watcha  tally  with  the  dial. 

Mr.  Oaorga  K.  MeOaw.  one  of  tbe  tru- tee^  ot  ae  hoapital,  baa 
placed  in  tbe  circle  upon  the  terrace  ii.  nedti'clr  in  front  of  tbe 
hoapital  entrance  an  ornamental  broDst  -<  in  am:  urm  a  pedaatal. 
after  a  norel  deaicn  by  Albert  C.  Creb.>ie.  f  /  V^rB,  N.  " .  and 
ao  arranged  aa  to  tell  tbe  time  dorlag  *\\<i  eni  . .  day  as  well  aa 
tbe  time  of  son-rise  and  sun-set  thrc  ghout  the  year.  This 
dial  from  Its  wiginal  deaign  and  beaatltal  workmuoship  la  bixbly 
ornamental  to  tbe  grounds  oi  tbe  hospital. 


1i 


f'=i 


I'l-  i 


Aw  ABO  AT  THB  LoVISUKA   PUHOHASB  EXPOSI-^^N 

In  1904  tbe  Maryland  Commission  of  tbe  Louisiana  Purdiase 
Exposition  made  an  appropriaUon  of  |700  to  defray  the  expenses 
of  tranaporUng  and  setting  np  an  exhibit  of  Tbe  Jobna  Hopkins 
Training  School  for  Nurses  at  St  Louis. 

The  asbiblt  waa  duly  installed  under  tba  direetlim  of  Miss  Ross, 
and  excited  much  interest  among  those  who  Tislted  tbe  exposition. 
Tbe  grand  prise,  cmsisting  of  a  diploma  and  a  bronse  m»  al, 
waa  awarded  by  tbe  Board  oi  Awarda.  Unfortunately,  owing  to 
the  high  price  of  labor  and  tbe  difflcnlties  incident  to  thf>  tram- 
portation  of  Uu>  exhibit  and  fitting  it  up  In  St  Louis,  an  indebted- 
ness of  about  li^BO  waa  Incurred,  whieb  waa  assumed  pe  tonally 
by  Mr.  William  *..  Marburg,  one  of  the  membera  of  tba  Mary  and 
commission  and  a  trusl<je  also  of  tbe  boi^ital. 


(84) 


-  it  '.wr-wai*     •— 


■XTRA0T8  FPOM  ANNUAI-  RBI^RTS 


Cha?TBB  VII 

EXTRACTS    KBOM    THE    JOHNS    HOP  .INS 

HOall'iAL  ANrr^L    WA'^tYLTF   FOB 

1^..    1911 


1009 

The  report  for  1 90;    #af  made  '  - 1 
had  been  ippoif^*     ac*  ^g  Bvm   iuteii^ 


intendent't '  beeii  «     It    aia  re 
says: 

In  th9  abt   h  «  o( 
ynn  have  granted  a 
bcr  1,  1"*^.  I  haT«*  tae  h  aor 
the  work 

Slnee  t 


toth 


l> 


riuju 


^ortc 

^thi 

dtDr.  i. 


who 

oer- 


1«I3 


Hard,  auperintendent,  to  ^vhom 

!  absence  to  date  trom  Norem- 

timit  the  foUowlns  report  on 

f  the  hohi>ital  diirl&>  the  year  ending  Jaaoary  81, 1M7. 

n  iae     «9or<  was  r~    ented  the  boapltal  hae  had  a  meet 


year,  ant 


looka  aa  though  the  coming  Tears 

oi  carea  and  anxletlee  which  hare 

tike  i,»at}      9  present  year  aids  with  a 


chron:  lee  the  generous  Marbni^ 


sncoeaefui  flnan 
would  hi  ft 4*  o 
troublet)  th>   hospital 
"tnall  Hurplai?  to  Its  ert 

Dr.  inorton'-  repoi 

ueqTip  t. 
Mr.  William        Marbu 
mn 

1  money  s  ezp<^!ide<I  la  the  erection  oC  a  tov^-  f-urj  prirate 
ward  Qi,  m  The  I  burg."  This  building  haa  enabled  the  hos- 
pital & '  laadie  n.au  nc  rirate  patl«its  than  was  heretofore 
poasib  % 

(5S) 


Mr.  Albert  Marburg,  Mr.  Theodore 
i  tfc  vfisaea  Marburg  gare  to  the  hoapltal  the  aum  of 
mmix.   y  ot  their  brother  the  late  Charlea  Marburg. 


».».«„».»— .yl».,. 


HENRY  MILLS  HURD 


«  H 


If  I 
f  1 ! 


1 1 


DB.  HUBD's  vacation 

Early  in  November,  1906,  Dr.  Hurd  commenced  his  well- 
merited  year*8  leave  of  absence.  He  left  for  New  York  and 
there  boarded  a  steamer  for  Havana.  After  a  short  stay  in 
Cuba  he  journeyed  to  Mexico  and  remained  there,  visiting 
various  points  of  interest,  until  January. 

In  January  he  returned  to  Baltimore,  and  in  a  short  time 
left  Boston  for  Europe  accompanied  by  Mrs.  Hurd,  Miss  Hurd 
and  Miss  Anna  Hurd.  Their  first  stop  was  at  the  Azores. 
They  thoroughly  enjoyed  a  visit  to  Gibraltar  and  to  Algiers. 
They  visited  in  succession  the  chief  cities  of  Italy  and  also 
went  to  Sicily.  After  a  stay  at  Lake  Como  they  went  to 
Switzerland.  Here  Dr.  Hurd  left  his  family  and  journeyed  to 
England  where  he  renewed  many  old  acquaintanceships  and 
visited  the  asylums  and  hospitals.  He  greatly  enjoyed  an 
extended  tour  through  Scotland.  Here  also  he  was  royally 
treated. 

Leaving  Scotland  Dr.  Hurd  rejo'ned  his  family  in  Holland 
and  attended  the  International  Congress  of  Alienists  in 
Amsterdam. 

He  returned  to  America  thoroughly  rested  and  greatly 
pleased  with  what  he  had  seen  during  his  happy  year  of  leisure. 
He  resumed  his  hospital  duties  on  November  1,  1907. 

1907 

(February  1.  1907— January  31,  1908) 
In  the  report  for  the  year  ending  January  31,   1908, 
Dr.  Hurd  refers  at  length  to  the  Training  School  for  Nurses 
and  dwells  especially  on  the  loas  the  hospital  had  sustained 
through  tiie  resignation  of  Miss  Nutting. 

(66) 


Huamiii 


EXTRACTS  FROM  ANNUAL  REPORTS 


The  Training  School  for  Nurses  daring  the  past  year  has  been 
called  upon  to  part  with  its  superintendent  and  principal.  Miss 
M.  Adelaide  Nutting,  who  had  ably  supervised  its  work  since 
1894,  when  she  succeeded  Miss  Hampton,  now  Mrs.  Robb,  upon 
the  resignation  of  the  latter 

Miss  Nutting,  her  immediate  saeu«  :  jr,  graduated  from  the  first 
class  of  nurses  trained  by  Mrs.  Robb,  and  subsequently  held  im- 
portant  teaching  positions  in  the  scho(d.  Her  connection  with  tlie 
school  in  fact  as  pupil  and  teacher  ooTered  a  period  of  about  18 
years,  and  during  this  pwiod  she  Inaugurated  many  improrementa 
in  the  methods  of  teaching  which  contributed  much  to  the  eroln- 
tion  of  the  school  as  we  hare  It  at  present 

Hence,  when  Miss  Nutting  decided  to  accept  the  call  to  the 
Chair  of  Institutional  Management  in  Columbia  UniTersity,  it  was 
generally  recognised  that  the  training  scho(d  had  lost  a  most 
raluable  officer,  whose  place  would  be  filled  with  great  difficulty. 
The  best  wishes  of  the  trustees,  officers  and  pupils  of  the  hospital 
and  sdiocd  for  her  success  a.j.itnpany  her  in  her  new  field  of 
labor. 

It  Is  gratifying  to  be  able  to  add  that  iviiss  Oeorglna  C.  Rosa 
has  taken  up  the  work  whidi  Miss  Nutting  laid  down,  and  has 
prosecuted  it  with  intelligcnoe  and  rigor.  She,  like  Miss  Nutting, 
had  been  connected  with  the  school  for  many  years.  She  was 
trained  here  as  a  nurse,  and  after  her  graduation  had  filled  many 
positimis  in  connection  with  the  school.  As  acting  snpwintendent 
she  has  had  charge  of  the  school  for  several  months,  and  has 
discharged  a  difficult  range  of  duties  with  discretion,  faithful- 
ness and  efficiency. 


THX  DBPABTlCmrr  OV  SOCIAL  SSBVICB 

Dr.  Hurd  in  this  report  referred  at  length  to  the  social 
serrice  department  which  had  just  been  inaugurated. 

It  has  long  be«i  evident  that  the  work  of  the  hospital,  both 
in  its  wards  and  in  the  various  out-patient  serrioes,  has  been 


(67) 


MililiilfliM 


.■:iaB^.^a^4...>.>-»».iMci^iJ^a.«i^.  ■:.j=^,T».i.Mfei««Ai.., 


HBNRT  MILLS  HURD 


i*¥ 


inoomplste  bj  naaon  of  the  limitation  of  the  iphere  of  phnlduui 
•ad  none*,  whok  from  the  nature  of  their  eonneeUon  with  patlmta, 
neceeiarily  oonflne  themielTee  to  the  treatment  and  care  of  their 
physioal  allmenta  onlr.  When  the  care  of  the  hoipltal  la  with- 
drawn and  the  patients  return  to  their  homee,  they  freanently 
loee  the  benefit  which  they  recelre.  because  of  bad  sodal  eondi- 
tlcms,  lack  of  proper  food  and  improper  hygienic  sorronndinss. 
With  the  hope  of  relierint  many  of  these  conditions  and  help- 
ins  to  rmder  permanent  the  good  received  while  under  treatment, 
the  trustees  of  the  hospital,  largely  through  the  initlatlTe  of  Mr. 
John  M.  Olenn,  one  of  their  number,  for  many  years  dosely 
identified  with  the  public  and  private  charities  of  Baltimore,  have 
established  a  department  of  social  serrice  under  the  spedal  eharge 
of  Miss  Helen  B.  Pendleton,  for  many  years  a  trusted  and  el5- 
dent  agent  of  the  Charity  Organisation  Sodety  of  Baltimore.  It 
is  her  duty  to  lo<A  after  those  persons  who  need  something  more 
than  medical  adTioe  and  prescriptions,  and  to  bring  them  into 
rdatioa  with  such  duuritable  agendes  or  philanthropic  persons 
as  will  enable  them  to  improre  thdr  formei  «uifaTorable  condi- 
tions of  life.  She  has  in  her  work  the  adTioe  and  coundl  of  Dr. 
Charles  P.  Bmerson,  who  has  for  sereral  years  organised  and 
directed  a  rery  esctenslTe  friendly  Tisitlcg  work  among  the  poor 
of  East  Baltimore,  and  the  assistance  and  aetire  cooperation  ot 
a  large  number  of  friendly  Tisitms  from  among  the  medical  stu- 
dents of  The  Johns  Hopkins  Unlverdty  and  other  charitable 
workers. 

The  wwk  under  Miss  Pendleton  is  still  in  its  intaney,  haying 
been  fully  inaugurated  only  in  September  last,  but  its  sucoeu 
already  has  been  gratifying  and  encouraging.  ▲  kindred  but  less 
oomprehensiTe  work  on  the  part  of  the  ofllcers  of  the  hospital 
and  the  medical  students  of  the  unirersity,  as  before  intimated, 
had  been  osxried  on  under  Dr.  Bmerscn's  dBdent  and  wise  direc- 
tion during  the  past  five  years. 


(M) 


aXTRAOTS  ntOM  ANNUAL  RBPORTS 


1906 

(F*1inuu7  1.  IMS— Janiuurr  SI.  1M9) 
THB  FHIPP8  P8T0HIATBI0  OUNIO 

Dr.  Hnrd's  rvpoti  for  tbe  year  ending  January  81,  1909, 
ipeaki  of  the  Phipps  Psychiatric  Clinic. 

The  Phlppa  Piydilatrle  Cllnle,  which  wm  glTW  hr  Mr.  Hanry 
Fhlpps  lasl  Jane,  will  looii  be  besui.  and  arran«em«ita  for  the 
eonduet  of  thi*  dcvartment  apon  the  completion  of  the  tniUding 
have  been  aatliteetorlly  aettted.  The  ardiiteet,  Mr.  Ghroevenor 
Atteborr,  of  New  York,  haa  the  worldns  plana  well  onder  way. 

This  ia  the  moet  Important  gift  that  the  hoapltal  haa  recelTed 
•dnce  Ita  original  fOondatlot.  and  one  which  win  nndonbtedlr 
add  mndi  to  Ita  oaefalneoa.  It  la  a  matter  of  great  latlafaetion 
that  we  have  bean  able  to  aeenre  Dr.  Adolf  Meyer,  of  New  York, 
aa  dlreetor,  a  man  who  In  knowledge  and  experience  ranka  with 
the  flrat  men  in  the  United  8tatao  and  Bnrope  In  hia  apedal 
caUing. 

The  anperintendenf a  report  for  the  year  ending  January 
31, 1909,  contains  three  reports  of  exceptional  merit— Bqtort 
of  the  Phipps  Dlapensary  Norse;  Beport  of  the  Phippa  Dis- 
pensary, and  the  First  Annual  Beport  oi  the  Sodal  Senrios 
Department  Tbeee  dearly  show  how  much  the  hospital  is 
doing  for  the  welfare  of  the  citizens  of  Baltimore  in  tlwir  own 
homes. 

19W 
(Vebmarr  1.  IMf-^annary  tl.  ItlO) 

In  the  report  for  the  year  ending  January  81,  1910,  is  a 
splendid  record  d  the  work  dona  by  the  new  social  serrioe 
department. 

TO  Dr.  Htmrw  M.  Hwrd,  fttperiwreiiJewt  ef  Tim  /o»m  JTof Mm 
Jeeyttel: 

So.— Theaeob  r  of  the  soeial  serrlee  Mpartment  enffing 

FBbniary,  UM.  ^     >     ■-  decided  grewtli  In  the  work,   niere  are 


?■ 


(■•) 


^HUiHB^ 


J 


HENRY  MTLLS  HURD 


now  980  caaes  recorded  as  comysred  with  414  in  the  preoedins 
year 

That  the  hospital  physicians  recognize  the  usefulness  of  this 
department  is  shown  by  the  increase  in  the  number  of  cases  re- 
ferred to  us  from  the  wards.    During  the  first  year  there  were  48 

cases,  this  year  there  have  been  123 

Maboabct  p.  BaooDBir, 
In  charge  of 

tocial  tervice  department. 

1910 

(February  1.  1910— January  31,  1911) 

Dr.  Hurd's  report  for  the  year  ending  Jnnuir-  31,  1911, 
refers  to  the  resignation  of  Miss  Eoss,  the  superintendent  of 
nurses  and  the  appointment  of  her  successor: 

At  the  beginning  of  the  fiscal  year  Bliss  Roes,  in  consequence 
of  ill  health,  resigned  her  posiUon  and  Miss  B.  Bt  Lewler  was 
appointed  superintendent  of  nurses  and  principal  of  the  training 
school  in  her  place.  Miss  Ross  had  been  oimnected  with  the 
hospital  since  h«  graduatlcm  in  1894,  and  had  serred  ftilthfully 
in  many  capaciUes  in  nursing  service.  She  devoted  herself  assidu- 
ously to  her  work,  and  her  fiUlure  in  health  was  much  deplored 
by  aU  connected  with  the  hospital.  Her  successor.  Miss  Lawler. 
is  also  a  graduate  of  the  training  school,  and  for  a  time  was 
assistant  superintendent  Later  she  held  responsible  positfans  In 
connecUon  with  hosplUls  at  Toronto.  Ontario.  Niagara  Palls, 
N.  Y.,  and  Pittsburgh.  Her  training  has  been  varied,  her  oppor- 
tunities for  acquiring  familiarity  with  the  duUes  of  superin- 
tendent have  been  unusual,  and  she  consequently  comes  to  us  an 
expert  teacher.  She  has  now  given  nearly  a  year's  faithful  ser- 
vice to  the  hospital,  and  her  success  gives  every  prospect  of 
ocmtlnued  and  increasing  usefulness. 


(00) 


J;l 


EXTRACTS  FROM  ANNUAL  REPORTS 


THX  PR07E880B  OF  PSTOHIATBT 

In  this  report  Dr.  Hurd  also  referred  to  the  development 
of  the  psychiatric  department  and  to  its  director  who  had 
recently  joined  The  Johns  Hopkins  Hospital  staff: 

The  professor  of  psychiatrr,  Dr.  Adolf  Meyer,  has  been  «p- 
poiuted  psychiatrist  to  the  hospital,  and  althoofh  the  psychiatric 
clinic  is  not  ready  for  occupation.  Dr.  Meyer  has  been  able  to  do 
Tery  effectlTe  work  in  connection  with  the  hospital  wards  and 
the  out-patient  department.  It  seems  fortunate  that  prior  to  the 
opening  of  the  Phipps  Psychiatric  ainic  it  has  been  possible  to 
utilize  his  services  in  connection  with  various  charitable  agencies 
in  Baltimore.  There  is  reason  to  anticipate  when  the  clinic  is 
opened  that  these  relations  may  be  productive  of  great  good  by 
promoting  cooperation  with  the  clinic  on  the  part  of  many  char- 
itable organisations. 

In  the  report  for  1910  Dr.  Hurd  gave  a  complete  list  of  the 
large  gifts  made  from  the  opening  of  the  hospital  in  1889  up 
to  the  ^d  of  1910. 

leii 

(February  1,  1911--January  SI.  19U) 
THS  RBSIOKATIOK  OV  DB.  HUBD 

In  the  23d  report  of  The  Johns  Hopkins  Hospital  f  cr  the 
year  ending  January  31, 1912,  on  the  page  headed  **  Trustees  *' 
we  find :  President,  Henry  D.  Harlan ;  vice-president,  William 
A.  Marburg;  treasurer,  John  C.  Thomas;  secretary,  Henry 
M.  Hurd,  M.  D.  On  scanning  the  report  still  further  we  read 
[page  27] : 

In  May,  1911,  Dr.  Henry  M.  Hurd  resigned  from  the  snperin- 
tendency  of  the  hospital  to  become  secretary  of  the  Board  of  Trus- 
tees, and  Dr.  Winford  H.  Smith,  general  medieal  snperlntendrat 
of  Bellevne  and  Allied  Hospitals.  In  New  York,  was  appointed 
his  successor. 

mi 


r* 


HBNRT  WUJB  HURD 


Dr.  Hard  wm  the  lint  rapwrlntflodtiit  of  th«  ho^tal,  aiid 
held  the  office  for  22  years.  Dr.  Hard'i  wlie  •dmlnlitratloB. 
his  hish  Ideals,  his  example  and  his  readiness  at  all  times  to 
gire  of  his  knowledge  to  others,  hare  eontrilnited  largelr  to  the 
general  derdopment  ot  hovitals  thron^oat  the  oonntrr. 

The  man  of  small  calibre  is  prone  to  pick  ont  as  his  sac- 
cessor  one  who  has  even,  less  ability  than  he  possesses — one 
who  by  contrast  will  compare  unfarorably  with  him.  The 
man  of  vision,  on  the  other  hand,  is  anxious  to  have  the  work 
that  he  has  carried  on  so  successfully  continue  to  broaden  out 
and  will  suggest  for  the  post  he  is  relinquishing  the  best 
available  man.  Dr.  Hurd  with  his  usual  good  judgment  of 
men  recommended  the  best  man  he  could  find.  The  wisdom 
of  his  chcMce  has  been  continually  evident  and  it  has  ever 
been  a  delight  to  see  how  happy  and  how  proud  Dr.  Hurd 
has  been  of  the  well-merited  success  of  his  successor.  Dr.  Win- 
ford  H.  Smith.  Dr.  Hurd's  pride  has  been  akin  to  that  of 
a  father  who  views  with  the  greatest  satisfaction  the  striking 
achievements  of  his  son;  the  more  he  accomplishes  and  the 
greater  recognition  his  work  receives  the  happier  he  is. 


Lll 


lii 


RBLATIOKS  WITH  HOSPITAL  STAFF 


Chaptkb  YIII 

DB.  HUBD  IN  HIS  RELATIONS  WITH  THE 
HOSPITAL  STAFF 

When  The  John*  Hopkins  Hoopital  opened  there  wu  no 
medical  school  iram  which  to  draw  hospital  interns  and  they 
consequently  were  oontinnally  recraited  from  all  parts  of 
the  United  States  and  Canada.  This  system  had  its  adyan- 
tages.  Nearly  ereiy  man  came  from  a  diflnrent  schooL  The 
men  c<»npared  notes,  told  one  another  of  the  methods  in 
vogue  in  the  school  or  hospital  from  iriiich  they  had  come^ 
and  thus  each  man  soon  became  fairly  familiar  with  what 
was  being  done  in  a  medical  way  all  over  the  ooontry. 

Some  of  these  interns  had  had  sevoal  years'  training  or  by 
instinct  immediately  dropped  into  line.  There  were  others 
of  ns  who  wwe  young  and  immatore  and  who  needed  carefol 
and  persistent  training.  Dr.  Hnrd  was  a  past  master  in 
stimulating  the  house  men  to  do  their  best  He  did  not  molly- 
coddle them  in  the  least  This  good  dd  state  of  Maryland 
is  cdebrated  for  its  Maryland  or  beaten  biscuits  and  it  is  a 
well-known  fact  that  the  mon  they  are  hammoed  in  the  mak- 
ing the  better  they  are.  Dr.  Hurd  with  his  keen  pooeptiou 
soon  learned  this  fact  and  he  applied  the  principle  to  good 
purpose  in  his  training  of  these  men.*  By  a  gentle  but  Arm 
hint  here  and  a  rather  emphatic  suggestion  there  he  soon 


*I  had  often  heard  of  aa  iiit«r«eUii«  iBterrtow  the  sivorla- 
tsBdeat  had  with  an  Ineowlng  group  of  laUms  sad  also  vagae 


(Ml 


HENRT  MILLS  HURD 


>,:■$: 


li 


**•  ■ 

ii 


transfonned  the  raw  recruit  into  a  splendid  house  officer. 
Some  of  the  men  in  the  beginning  hardly  knew  just  how  to 
take  this  discipline,  but  in  a  short  time  all  thoroughly  appre- 
ciated the  value  of  the  standards  set  by  the  superintendent,  and 
they  would,  later  on,  view  with  amusement  and  pleasure  the 
probationary  period  of  those  who  came  after  them.  One  and 
all  soon  came  to  realize  that  Dr.  Hurd  was  their  best  friend. 
Many  a  time  when  one  of  the  interns  was  in  deep  water — when 
illness  occurred  at  home  and  he  was  called  suddenly  away, 
some  one  would  quietly  slip  up  beside  him,  place  his  hand  on 
his  shoulder  and  casually  say  "  Can't  I  do  something  for  you  ?  '* 

accounts  of  a  very  apt  story  related  by  the  director  tm  that  occa- 
n.   I  asked  Dr.  Hurd  if  he  would  mind  repeating  it    Here  it  Is: 

"THAT  STORY" 

"When  the  men  who  had  been  selected  for  the  positions  of 
interns  at  The  Johns  Hopkins  Hospital  out  of  the  first  graduating 
class  of  The  Johns  Hopkins  Medical  School  came  on  duty,  they 
found  an  organization  for  their  work  which  had  already  been 
in  successful  operation  for  about  eight  years.  They  were  bright 
enterprising  students  who  were  peculiarly  receptive  to  all  new 
ideas  and  much  Inclined  to  adopt  them  with  little  regard  to  their 
bearing  upon  the  former  routine  of  hMpital  service.  As  all  were 
men  of  marked  ability,  some  of  the  Innovations  which  they  wished 
to  inaugurate  were  improvements  without  doubt  and  made  for 
better  service,  but  the  general  effect  of  their  combined  action 
caused  confusion  and  a  lack  of  coordination  in  the  different 
departments.  In  fact,  since  the  changes  of  hours  of  duty  and 
general  methods  of  work  caused  so  much  trouble,  It  was  felt  Ciiat 
some  steps  were  needed  to  cheek  a  similar  individualism  on  the 
part  of  equally  active  and  zealous  young  men  who  were  to  enter 
hospital  service  in  succeeding  years.  After  the  interns  for  the 
coming  year  had  been  appointed  I  called  them  into  my  office  for  a 
friendly  talk  about  their  duties  and   without  referring  to  the 

<e4) 


I'm 


RBLATIONS  WITH  HOSPITAL  STAFP 


"Don't  you  need  some  money ?**— many  a  man  has  had  hit 
load  greatly  lessened  by  this  quiet,  unostentatious  friend. 

A  former  student  recently  told  me  that  toward  the  close  of 
his  second  year  he  had  reached  the  end  of  his  resources  and  was 
preparing  to  leave  the  medical  school  and  go  to  work. 

Just  after  he  had  packed  up  and  was  arranging  to  leave 
that  night  Dr.  Hurd  met  him  in  the  hall  and  said,  **  By-the- 
way,  I  have  been  wanting  to  ask  you  how  your  father's  estate 
has  turned  out,**  and  the  young  chap  told  him  the  facts. 
Dr.  Hurd  took  him  into  his  private  office,  told  him  he  must 
under  no  circumstances  give  up  his  studies  and  insisted  on 

emburraasmento  of  the  pMt  year  I  rehsarsed  the  tale  of  tks  mwU 
bojr  who  while  on  hta  way  to  school  trodgins  throng  the  deep 
■now  was  overtaken  by  •  genUemaa,  in  a  flne  tumoot  with  a 
dashinc  span  of  horses,  who  kindly  asked  him  to  ride  with  him. 
■"»•  tovlUtioa  was  joyfnUy  accepted  and  the  boy  was  soc«  makins 
flne  procrewi  when  the  idea  oecnrred  to  him  that  the  driver  of  the 
hwsee  was  not  driving  them  prcqierly.    He  knew  that  he  ooold 
drive  them  mneh  better  and  snoested  a  transfer  of  the  reins 
to  him  in  order  that  he  mi^t  dismay  his  superior  skilL    To  his 
great  surprise  and  diseomftort  his  host  stopped  his  slei^  and 
gravely  but  deddedly  informed  him  that  an  invitation  to  ride 
did  not  carry  with  It  the  privilege  of  driving  and  that  he  might 
get  out  if  he  thought  otherwise.    I  added  that  it  gave  the  manage- 
ment of  the  hospital  much  pleasure  to  know  that  they  were  wilUng 
to  ride  with  us  during  the  oomlng  year  and  I  fdt  sure  that  saeh 
a  Journey  together  would  be  of  great  servioe  to  them  and  to  the 
hoepital,  but  I  deemed  it  my  duty  to  say  frankly  that  the  manage- 
ment of  the  hospital  must  do  the  driving  and  would  continue  to 
do  so  In  fatnre  as  ;  t  had  in  the  past 

"  The  parable  was  promptly  and  correctly  interpreted  and  there 
was  never  any  dldleulty  In  this  respect  with  the  Interns  at  the 
hospitaL     They   have   always   been  loyal  and   eoSperattve  in 
I  ealeulated  to  add  to  the  eflhdenoy  of  the  hoepltaL" 

{»} 


HBNRT  MILLS  HURD 


m 


■I 


furnishing  him  with  raiScicnt  funds  to  see  him  through  to  the 
end  of  the  coU^  year,  and  next  year  saw  that  it  was  possible 
for  him  to  continue  his  studies.  This  young  man  is  now  one 
of  the  most  promising  inrestigators  in  this  country.  He  told 
me  that  he  knew  of  at  least  five  or  six  other  students  who  had 
also  been  helped  out  by  the  same  generous  superintendent. 

Dr.  Hurd  did  not  hold  himself  aloof  from  the  house  staff, 
but  after  the  evening  meal  often  dropped  into  the  reading 
room  to  have  a  chat  with  the  men  congregated  there.  Every 
now  and  then  an  informal  invitation  came  to  dine  with 
Dr.  Hurd,  Mrs.  Hurd  and  his  daughters.  These  were  red 
letter  occasions— events  never  to  be  forgotten. 

Every  one  of  the  men  who  was  connected  with  the  hospital 
during  Dr.  Hurd's  time  has  a  vivid  recollection  of  that  tall, 
slender  figure  passing  silently  down  the  corridors  with  his 
head  bent  slightly  forward  and  apparently  walking  on  air,  his 
tread  was  so  light.  He  rarely  was  content  to  mount  the  stairs 
one  step  at  a  time,  he  invariably  went  up  two  at  a  time  with 
his  arms  outstretched  as  if  he  contemplated  an  aerial  flight 

Celebrated  men  who  are  closely  associated  with  large  num< 
hers  of  young  men  are  often  given  a  special  name  as  a  mark  of 
the  esteem  and  affection  in  which  they  are  held.  When  the 
men  of  the  hoepital  staff  of  20  years  ago  gather  together  and 
discuss  old  times  they  always  refer  to  "  Uncle  Hank  "  with 
the  warmest  regard. 

The  visitor  to  the  hospital— the  one  who  comes  to  stay  a  few 
weeks  or  months — while  impressed  by  the  good  work  done  in 
the  various  departments  and  by  the  original  articles  published 
by  the  hospital  is  more  impressed  by  the  spirit  of  ooSperation 
and  good  fellowship  that  exists  in  the  hospital  and  medical 
school.    Dr.  Hurd  and  the  "  Big  Four  "— Drs.  Osier,  Halsted, 

(SS) 


fPi 


■Hi 


RBLATIONB  WITH  HOSPITAL  STAn" 


Kelly  and  Welch— hare  in  large  mearaxe  been  reepooaible  for 
this  deli^tful  atmosphere. 

Many  of  the  senior  members  of  the  hospital  staff  have  been 
geniuses  and  it  is  a  well-known  fact  that  geninaes  frequently 
become  so  engrossed  in  their  Indiyidoal  subject  that  they  are 
temporarily  totally  oblivions  to  the  fact  that  other  people  have 
to  be  considered  and  that  these  people  have  precisely  the  same 
rights  and  privileges  as  they.  A  tactful,  gentle  but  firm  tug 
emanating  from  the  superintendent's  o£Sce  would  awaken  such 
an  individual  from  his  revery.  It  was  thin  absolute  faimee^ 
on  the  part  of  Dr.  Hurd  that  won  for  him  the  confidence  and 
affection  of  the  senior  staff.  They  knew  that  th^  would 
always  get  a  square  deal. 

Dr.  Hurd's  relations  to  the  trustees  have  always  been  most 
pleasant  The  trustees  in  their  selection  of  the  first  superin- 
tendent looked  the  field  over  for  the  most  able  hospital  execu- 
tive they  could  find,  and,  when  they  had  selected  Dr.  Hurd 
and  he  had  accepted,  they  wisely  abid  1  by  hi*  mature  judg- 
ment on  all  medical  matters,  and  when  he  felt  that  it  was  wise 
for  him  to  relinquish  the  exacting  duties  as  superintendent  of 
the  hospital  they  insisted  that  he  retain  a  connection  with  the 
institution  and  made  him  secretary  of  the  Board  of  Trustees. 

As  we  look  back,  it  does  seem  a  pity  that  Dr.  Hurd  did  tot 
have  an  assistant  to  relieve  him  of  the  many  time-consuming 
and  incidental  details  connected  with  his  office.  It  was  not 
until  the  last  few  years  of  his  life  in  the  hospital  that  he  was 
relieved  of  these  by  the  appointment  of  the  late  Dr.  Bupert 
Norton  as  assistant  superintendent 

Dr.  Hurd  was  an  ideal  superintendent  In  addition  to  the 
satisfactory  administration  of  the  hospitel  he  was  deeply 
interested  in  the  fundamental  edncatifm  of  the  medical  stadsnt 


HBNRT  MILLS  HITRD 


•nd  of  the  nune.  He  wu  continiialljr  ftixralfttinff  the  houae 
offioen  to  do  their  beet  and  wae  ev;T  uUndfnl  of  t  r'  /elfare  of 
the  patient.  He  was  no  boreaacKit,  but  a  nun  who  had  the 
interest  of  all  r  onected  with  him  at  heart 


<iti 


PAPBRB  FUBUgMB)  WHILB  lUPBRINTBNDaNT 


CHATtn  IX 

PAPERS  PUBU8HED  BY  DB.  HUBD  WHILB 

SUPEBINTENDBNT  OF  THE  JOHNS 

HOPKINS  liOSPITAL 

MoBt  men  after  cuing  for  the  many  detaila  of  rach  a  large 
inatitution  aa  The  Johns  Hopldna  Hoepital  and  editing  the 
BuLLKmr  and  Reports  would  find  littla  or  no  time  for  other 
labon;  not  lo  with  Dr.  Hnrd.  With  the  indomitable  energy 
which  haa  always  •  <«n  ao  characteriatio  of  him  he  kept  right 
on  with  hia  Utenry  work,  each  year  writing  one  or  more 
articles.  Hia  papers  have  in  large  meaanre  been  limited  to 
four  main  subjects— psychUtry,  hospital  management,  medical 
education  and  the  ediieati<m  of  the  nurse. 

In  1890  we  find  in  the  MarfLa  Mtdiedl  vowmai  a  i,aper 
on  "  Pteiodit  ^  in  IMancholia."  Dr.  S>  '>■  ^n  the  same  y  sar 
W8<?  chairman  c*  the  Committee  on  Hos:  -     the  !!■  jsd 

States  and  made  hia  report  at  the  Nat  -  .1  >.  erence  of 
Charities  and  Corrections  held  in  Bait?  -,  'uay,  1890. 
Immediately  after  raadint;  thit  report  lie  aOrsMed  the 
assemblage  on  « ISie  Belation  of  the  General  Hoq>ital  to  the 
Medical  Profession.''  In  this  address  he  clearly  outlined  what 
the  general  hospital  ahould  stand  for.  Hia  ideaf!  for  that 
period  were  so  advanoed  thaf  I  quote  them. 

The  Biasleii  of  tlie  teneral  hovitt:  auiy  be  sv>rduarlaed  to 
m:  (1)  TO  tonlah  raedioal  treatmmt  and  proper  nurslBc  to  the 
slek  poor,  aad  eepwitellr  to  the  homeiess  and  MesdleM-  (S)  to 
foralah  similar  trMtment  to  those  who  are  aHe  and  wllljig  to 
pay  for  It.  and  asp«dallF  to  thoae  who  are  wtthoat  faBlUes  and 


HBNRY  MILLS  HURD 


I* 


.;•! 


« 


home*;  (S)  to  proTlde  aaeptlc  operatlns  rooms  where  tntlieptle 
■urgerr  majr  be  done  with  full  omifldenoe  In  its  resulfe— this 
ccmfldence  being  based  upon  the  knowledge  that  ell  selentlflc 
requirements  have  been  met  bjr  proper  construction  and  thwoogh 
management;  (4)  to  provide  Instruction  in  and  full  demonstrar 
tlons  of  the  most  approved  methods  of  treatment  of  the  sick  to 
medical  students  and  medical  men;  (6)  to  train  capable,  hi|^- 
minded,  self-saerlfldng  wonen  as  nurses;  and  flnallr  (6)  to 
advance  medical  study  and  Increase  medical  knowledge. 

It  is  evident  that  the  old-time  Idea  that  the  hospital  is  designed 
for  the  destitute  and  homeless  alone  must  be  materially  modi- 
fled  to  meet  the  present  exigencies  of  modem  life.  Many  persons 
in  moderate  circumstances  live  comfortably  as  long  as  they  can 
labor  and  produce,  but.  when  ill,  can  procure  skilled  medical 
attendance  and  proper  nursing  <mly  at  the  cost  of  future  debt 
and  a  weary  stmsgle  to  pay  the  (^ligations  incurred.  The  ex- 
penses ot  living  are  constt^ntly  increasing  [1890]  and  the  otunpe- 
titlon  of  modem  life  is  Intense,  so  that  the  majority  of  laboring 
men.  of  necessity,  spend  their  earnings  as  they  receive  them, 
with  little  prospect  of  laying  up  a  reserve  for  the  traditional 
"  rainy  day."  Hence,  whether  it  be  considered  a  good  policy  or 
not,  provision  must  be  made  to  care  for  many  of  these  wage- 
earners  in  public  hospitals  in  the  event  ot  long  continued  or 
serious  illnea«i.  The  same  is  true  of  the  more  wealthy  classes. 
Many  of  them  cannot  procure  at  home  the  constant  medical  care 
and  the  thorough  nursing  required,  and  certain  portions  of  the 
public  hospital  must  be  set  i^art  for  them. 

In  the  Tran$action$  of  the  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty 
of  Maryland  for  1891  appears  a  memoir  to  the  late  Richard 
Gundry,  a  well-known  asylum  superintendent  and  later  a 
member  of  the  Faculty  of  the  College  of  Physicians  and  Sur- 
geons of  Baltimore.  Dr.  Gundry  was  an  old  and  valued 
friend  of  Dr.  Hurd. 

In  the  American  Journal  of  Insanity  for  1892  Dr.  Hurd 
published  an  article  on  "  Journal  Clubs.*'    In  this  paper  he 

(TO) 


3  f 


PAPERS  PUBU8HBD  WHILE  SUPERINTENDENT 


spoke  most  enthtuiastically  of  the  value  of  such  clubs  and 
pointed  out  how  they  should  be  corducted : 
For  the  success  of  a  Journal  club  it  is  essential: 

1.  That  the  work  be  made  obligatory.  It  wUl  not  do  to  rely 
upon  a  zeal  for  study  whleh  may  be  cooled  by  other  duUes  or  by 
social  oblifatloDt.  The  work  should  be  made  a  part  oi  the  regn* 
lar  routine  of  the  instituUon,  and  should  not  be  pushed  aside  by 
any  triTial  matter.  The  same  rule  which  corems  excuses  from 
any  regular  professional  duty  should  gOTem  all  absences  from 
the  Journal  club.  No  new  man  should  be  added  to  the  staff  who 
does  not  intend  to  derote  himself  as  loyally  to  this  as  to  any 
<^er  hospital  or  asylum  duty.  If  outsiders  are  admitted— and 
I  should  say  the  more  the  better— they  should  come  iato  the 
work  under  the  same  conditions. 

2.  A  definite  hour  which  will  be  reasonably  sure  to  be  free 
frcan  interruption  should  be  selected,  and  rigidly  adhered  ta 
Such  an  hour  ought  not  to  be  at  the  close  of  an  exhausting  day's 
work. 

3.  The  proceedings  should  be  informal,  and  tree  discussion 
should  be  expected.  The  Journal  study  should  have  the  widest 
possible  range.  Fren<A,  German  and  Italian  Journals  a^ottld  all 
be  laid  under  contribution. 

4.  The  work  should  be  th^ntiughly  supervised  by  the  suptfin- 
tendent  or  some  person  whom  he  may  seleet  Whoever  takes 
charge  of  the  club  ought  specially  to  prepare  himself  to  sum  up 
each  subject  and  to  present  its  practical  bearings  upon  the  better 
study  or  the  better  treatment  of  Inianlty.  This  wUl  tften  involve 
study  and  extra  exertion;  but  such  mental  effort  is  recreative, 
and  a  grateful  change  from  rcutine  work. 

The  advantages  of  a  Journal  club  are  manifold.  A  few  of  them 
may  be  mentioned: 

1.  It  develop*  a  spirit  of  professional  study  among  the  mem- 
bers of  the  hospital  or  asylum  staff.  The  spirit  of  investigation 
and  inquiry  U  easily  lost  unless  special  efforts  are  made  to  de- 
velop It  This  is  eepedaUy  true  where  routine  duties  oonstantty 
press  themselvee  upon  the  attenUon.    Unless  a  spirit  of  study 

<n> 


m 


HBNRT  MILLS  HURD 


■!*■■»• 


and  Inqulrr  ia  sedalonsly  cnltiTated  among  the  yoonttr  mMB* 
teni  ot  a  medical  staff,  the  seal  tor  profeiMloiial  adrancement 
spe^lljr  disappears. 

2.  It  proTides  for  the  systematic  aoqaisition  of  knowledge  bjr 
a  dlTision  of  labor:  and  the  least  possible  wc^te  of  time  on  the 
part  of  eadi  person  oonoemed.  This  is  an  age  of  ooSperation  In 
literary  work.  Ubrary  and  sabject  oatalognes  are  undertaken 
by  associated  laborers;  and  enterprises  which  woold  be  impoe- 
sible  to  an  indiTidual  become  practicable  to  the  niany.  Witness 
the  sncoess  of  H.  H.  Bancroft's  gigantic  historical  enterprises. 
The  work  which  he  has  finished  by  the  aid  of  collaborators  would 
have  consumed  400  years  of  individual  effort,  bad  such  a  length 
<a  yean  been  graated  to  the  head  of  the  undertaking.  It  is  In 
keeping  with  the  spirit  of  modem  study  to  economise  time  and 
effort  by  multiplying  workers.  Psychiatry  and  neundogy  are  so 
Tast  that  each  student  cannot  read  the  good,  the  bad  and  the 
indifferent  The  eralu  should  be  winnowed  before  it  is  gathered 
into  storr     uses. 

3.  It  supplies  a  common  field  of  study  where  the  members  of 
the  staff  may  meet  for  conUct  of  mind  with  mind.  By  means 
of  it,  indiTidual  tastes  and  aptitudes  for  study  may  be  utilised 
for  the  commoci  good.  It  gives  a  bro&der  professional  aspect  to 
asylum  work  by  bringing  each  member  of  the  staff  into  relation 
with  the  whole  field  'A  psychiatry.  It  also  effects  the  readier 
training  and  more  spiiedy  assimilation  of  new  members  of  the 
staff.  Young  men  come  to  asylum  work  fresh  from  medical  schools 
and  hospitals  with  a  keen  seat  for  scientific  work.  This  should 
be  utilised,  and  habits  of  regular  study  in  llneB  of  psychical 
research  should  be  acquired  as  speedily  as  praetieable.  The 
Journal  club  will  also  contribute  materially  to  the  unification  of 
a  staff  which  may  have  been  brought  together  from  different 
schools  of  medicine.    This  ia  too  often  neglected  in  large  asylumc. 

In  1892  Dr.  Hurd  published  an  article  on  "  Post-Febrik 
Insanity."  After  discussiug  the  subject  in  detail  he  recorded 
tluef  cases  of  this  character  that  had  occurred  in  The  Johns 
Hopkins  Hoepiul,  one  after  laparotomy  for  removal  of  dis- 

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eased  ovaries,  one  following  pneumonia  and  a  third  during 
conyalescence  fiom  typhoid  fever. 

In  1893  we  find  an  ariicle  entitled  '*  The  Relation  of  Hos- 
pitals to  Medical  Education.**  This  appeared  in  the  Boaton 
MecUcai  and  Surgical  Journal,  cxm,  p.  141. 

In  the  medical  writings  of  a  physician  one  rarely  has  the 
opportunity  of  catching  a  glimpse  of  the  personal  charm  or  of 
the  depth  of  sympathy  of  the  writer.  On  October  14, 1894,  a 
meeting  was  held  in  m'imory  of  the  late  George  Huntington 
Williams,  professor  of  geology  in  The  Johns  Hopkins  Uni- 
versity. Dr.  Hurd  had  kaown  him  since  he  was  a  boy  and  was 
closely  related  to  him  by  family  ties.  Dr.  Kurd's  tribute  to 
his  deceased  friend  brought  out  riridly  that  personal  charm 
and  sympathy  which  has  always  so  endeared  him  to  those  with 
whom  he  has  been  closely  associated. 

In  1894  Dr.  Hurd  published  a  l«ttgthy  article  on  "  Some 
Moital  Disorders  of  Childhood  and  Youth,"  and  in  the  Bul- 
Min  of  the  Ammcan  Academy  of  Medicine,  1896-6,  an  article 
on  "  Laboratories  and  Hospital  Work.'* 

In  the  MaryV  d  Medical  Journal  for  1896  we  fi.l  a  second 
article  on  **  Paranoia.** 

In  the  American  Journal  of  Insanity  for  1895-6,  p.  477, 
Dr.  Hurd  says: 

It  has  bMD  the  castoai  of  the  /onmol  ef  IntanUy  during  more 
than  half  a  ewtiUT  to  publish  full  details  of  new  InstltuUons 
erected  fc>r  the  better  eare  and  treatment  of  the  Insane;  hence 
the  reoMt  (vmlng  of  the  new  McLean  Hospital  at  Waverly,  near 
Boaton,  calls  for  more  than  a  paaslnc  notice. 

Dr.  Hurd  then  describes  in  a  most  interesting  manner  this 
large  institution  for  the  care  of  the  insane.  He  also  gives 
illustratitms  and  plans  of  the  various  buildings.  The  paper 
is  a  most  complete  one,  occupying  26  pages. 

(Tt) 


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HBNRT  MILLS  HX7RD 


On  February  17, 1897,  Dr.  Hurd  gave  an  address  on  **  Hos- 
pital Organization  and  Management**  before  the  Training 
School  for  Nurses  at  the  hospital  of  the  Uniyersi^  of  Penn- 
sylvania. This  was  published  in  the  Univenity  Medical  Magor 
zins,  iz,  p.  488.  It  contains  much  of  interest  and  I  quote 
some  of  the  remarks  made  by  Dr.  Hurd  on  that  occasion. 

I  cannot  resist  the  temptation  to  say  a  word  respecting  the 
Improrements  which  have  be«i  made  in  hospital  construction 
during  the  past  80  yean.  These  improTements  I  bellere  to  be 
largely  due  to  the  experience  of  the  Crimean  War  in  Europe  and 
of  the  ClTll  War  in  America.  The  first  gave  us  training  schools 
for  nurses  and  trained  nurses,  and  the  latter  improved  hoqtltal 
amstruction.  These  waves  of  progress  from  the  East  and  West 
crossed  the  ocean  in  turn  and  brought  to  the  whole  world  better 
facilities  for  the  care  of  the  sick  and  better  methods  of  treatment 

The  most  noteworthy  improvement  in  hospital  construction 
has  been  in  the  directicm  of  better  sites  for  buildings,  which 
are  no  longer  crowded  into  narrow,  dingy  streets  with  unpleasant 
surroundings,  and  amidst  insalubrious  and  unsanitary  conditions, 
but  are  placed  in  open  squares,  in  commanding  situations,  where 
sunlight  and  fresh  air  can  freely  come  upon  their  Joyous  and 
health-glTing  missions. 

The  buildings  themselves  are  more  scattered,  and  sickness  and 
suffering  are  diluted  by  differentiation  and  segregation  rather 
than  cmcentrated  by  piling  one  ward  upon  another.  Hospital 
wards  also  have  been  more  conveniently  arranged  to  do  their 
appointed  work,  and  have  had  comforts  and  conveniences  in  the 
way  of  service-ro(»ns,  tea-kitchens,  rooms  for  the  dangerously  ill 
and  dying,  and  the  like,  which  have  contributed  Immeasurably 
to  the  comfort  of  the  sick.  Special  efforts  have  been  made  in 
the  construction  of  wards  to  provide  for  heating,  ventilation,  the 
isolation  of  infectious,  harmful,  or  offsnalre  patimts,  and  for  all 
sanitery  needs.  Laboratories  for  the  investigation  of  disease  have 
also  been  built  and  fitted  with  instruments  of  precision  for  the 
more  accurate  and  scientific  study  of  disease  processsa.    Opera^ 

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Ing  nomu  have  beoi  pUaned  and  «r«eted  at  laTlih  ezpensa  to 
oanr  ont  as  strletlj  aa  In  a  labwatory  all  the  reqalremanta  of 
antiaeptio  aurcaiy.  Dlainftatins  planta  hara  bean  Jolaad  to  arary 
'capital  to  deatroy  the  Kenna  of  dlaaaaa  and  to  prerant  tha  trana- 
miaaion  of  infection  from  one  patient  to  another. 

It  la  reUted  that  a  aurgeon-ceneral  of  the  United  Statea  Army, 
now  deoeaaed,  onoe  aUted  that  it  waa  no  r^ert  of  the  work  of  the 
army  medical  corpa  to  atndy  dlaoaae  or  to  engage  In  any  work 
of  research,  bat  rather  to  cure  sick  aoldlers.  fmrgetting  that  the 
cure  of  aiek  B<ddiera  la  more  promoted  by  tu«  aplrlt  which  leada 
to  the  atndy  of  diseaae  than  by  the  narrow  rlvt,  that  the  indi- 
Tldnal  a(ddier  at  morning  sick-call  alone  ahonld  engroaa  the  at- 
tention of  the  army  sorgeon. 

The  beat  method  of  keeping  the  torch  of  knowledge  lighted  ia 
to  paaa  it  along  from  hand  to  hand.  Hence  I  haTO  little  aympathy 
with  thoae  who  deplwe  the  oae  of  hoapital  wards  aa  meana  of 
instmetion.  They  ahoold  be  oaed  for  the  training  of  noraea  and 
for  the  inatroction  of  medical  students,  and  by  their  vwy  oae 
for  theae  purpoaea  their  efldeocy  for  the  core  of  diaeaae  will  be 
angmented. 

In  a  weU-ordered  hoapital.  aa  in  a  well-ordered  atate.  there 
should  be  an  ultimate  and  final  authority,  a  proper  aubdlTiaton 
of  duty,  and  a  thorouA  adjuatment  of  all  portiona  of  a  oomplaz 
and  often  eumbrona  mechaniam  to  its  apedal  naea.  It  ia  the 
part  of  a  Board  of  Trustees  to  eatabliah  the  poliry  of  the  hoapi- 
tal. to  giro  an  impetua  to  the  machinery,  to  oil  and  readjuat  it 
from  time  to  time,  to  watch  ita  operationa,  and  to  somtlnlae  its 
reaulta. 

A  frioid  oi  mine  used  to  say  that  responsibility  without  poww 
>•  weakneaa.   ReaponaibiUty  and  authority  must  go  hand  in  hand. 

If  I  were  asked  to  indicate  the  beat  madiinery  fmr  hospital 
goremment.  I  should  say  a  Board  of  Trustees  to  be  sororeign 
and  reaponsible  for  the  whole  institution,  a  medical  board  to  ad- 
Tlae  the  trustees  in  all  medical  matters,  a  chief  ezecutlTe  offloer 
to  be  known  aa  director,  secretary,  or  auperlntendwit,  whose  duty 
it  should  be  to  coordinate  and  superrise  all  other  departments, 

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HBNRT  MILLS  HURD 


•  pnrrvyor  to  look  after  food-rappU«a,  a  matroD  to  lopoiTlM  tho 
household  and  a  mperintandent  of  nonea  to  hare  oharga  of  the 
traintnc  idiool  and  the  nnnee.  Under  theae  heada  oC  d^art- 
menta  there  shoold  be  sabordlnato  ehlefii  of  departments,  like 
the  enfflneer.  ehlef  eoc*.  Unndrr  man,  dletsdiool  teacher,  store- 
keeper and  the  like. 

▲  wwd  as  to  disoipUne.  From  the  eharaeter  of  the  work  of  a 
hoapltal  and  the  necessity  of  the  development  of  kindly  insUneU 
snd  humane  methods  of  thousht  and  action  among  all  employta, 
it  is  unwise  to  estabUsh  and  enforce  a  semi-military  discipline 
or  eren  <me  whldi  would  be  practicable  or  adTisable  in  a  railway, 
a  large  factory,  a  corporaticm.  or  other  business  enterprise.  There 
should  be  a  rigid  discipline  and  a  strict  aooountabUity  for  the 
performance  mr  neglect  of  duty,  but  this  discipline  should  be  sus- 
taining in  ito  nature  and  calculated  to  derelop  the  indiriduaL 
Through  its  kindly  control  the  thoughttess  or  untrained  nurse 
or  employ«  should  be  led  to  a  higher  level  of  cmiduct  and  feel- 
ing until  her  better  nature  beoomea  the  goreming  power.  TO 
many  hospital  anploy«s  the  life  beoomes  truly  educaUoaal,  and 
the  ottoer  who  does  not  strive  to  make  it  so  tells  of  an  important 
duty.  A  wisely  directed  enthuataam,  a  kindling  of  the  moral 
nature,  a  glimpse  of  a  higher,  broader,  and  more  satiafying  life 
can  thus  be  given  to  all  who  have  to  do  with  the  ai^  in  the 
hospitals.  Hospital  work,  when  done  with  loving,  eager  en- 
thusiasm, blesses  the  patient  and  the  nurse  aUkei  It  should  be 
the  aim  of  all  to  do  charitabl«  work  in  a  duuitable,  kindly  way. 
I  have  little  patience  with  those  who  look  upon  the  medical  treat* 
ment  of  the  sick  in  hospitaai  as  a  business  matter  only,  and  the 
nursing  of  the  sick  as  an  avocation,  a  trade,  a  preparation  for 
getting  a  living,  a  matter  of  hours  on  duty  to  be  endured  as 
paUenUy  as  possiMe  fbr  the  relief  which  is  afforded  by  getting 
through  with  them.  Unleaa  the  care  of  the  aide  can  be  ^ortfled 
by  sympathy,  kindly  feeling,  enthusiasm  and  personal  interest 
It  becomes  drudgwy  and  heartless  routine.  Hence  the  necessity 
of  developing  the  best  instincts  of  all  who  have  to  do  with  the 
sick  by  a  sustaining,  fostering  and  kind  discipline  which  regards 
the  individual  and  not  the 


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Maeh  of  the  kU«g«d  liMk  <rf  lympiUhr  ■ooMCIinw  flompUiacd 
o(  on  th«  9ut  of  th*  ho^ltal  phriielaiii,  nariM  and  «mployii,  I 
MtoTo  to  b«  dm  to  ortrwork. 

In  1897  Dr.  Hnrd  and  Dr.  John  B.  Chapin,  phjridui-in- 
chief  and  raperintendent  of  the  department  for  the  inaane  of 
the  Pennsylvania  Hoapital  of  Philadelphia,  P».,  were  aaked  by 
the  ''Joint  Select  Committee  to  Inveitigaie  the  Charities  and 
Beformatory  Institntions  in  the  District  of  Columbia"  to 
make  a  report  on  the  hospitals  of  the  District  of  Colnmbia. 
This  they  did  and  their  flndings  were  embodied  in  a  paper 
presented  to  the  committee  on  NoTember  84,  1897.    TTus 
report  embraced  a  fall  description  of  the  Asylnm  and  Alms- 
honse  Hospital;  the  ChUdren's  Hospital;  the  Colnmbia  Hos- 
pital for  Women  and  Lying-in  Asylnm;  the  Central  Dis- 
pensary and  Emergency  Hospital;  the  Freedman*s  Hospital; 
the  Garfield  Memorial  Hospital;  the  National  Homceopathic 
Hospitd  and  the  Home  for  Incnrables.    The  report  is  an 
eihanstiTe  one.    It  points  out  the  excellent  features  in  each 
institution,  draws  attention  to  the  weak  spots,  and  makes 
numerous  admirable  recommendations  looking  to  the  more 
^slamatie  and  the  better  handling  of  patients  in  the  District 
of  Columbia. 

In  the  Atbanif  Mtdieal  Atmah  for  February,  1898,  we  find 
an  article  entitled  **The  Medical  Serrioe  of  Hospitals,**  and 
in  the  Maryland  Medical  Journal  for  1898-9  Dr.  Hurd  con- 
siders •  The  Non-Medical  Treatment  of  Epilepsy.** 

At  a  meeting  of  the  Gynecologiaa  and  Obstetrical  Society 
of  Baltimore,  December  18,  1898,  Dr.  Hurd  gave  a  paper  on 
"Port-OperatiTe  Insanities  and  Undetected  Tendencies  to 
Mental  Disease.**  This  artide  appeared  in  the  Amariean 
Jovmdl  of  OhiMriet,  VoL  mix,  1899.    It  is  interesting 

(TT) 


HENRY  MILLS  KURD 


to  read  Dr.  Hiurd's  riews  on  the  subject.    They  are  of  much 
importance  to  the  laity  aa  well  as  to  tiie  surgeon. 

Po«t-op«ratlTe  inaanity  may  be  eonaldered  a  complex  affair, 
oomprlslns  symptoms  which  may  differ  in  eaoae,  maaltestatiOD. 
coarse  and  termination.  There  would  seem.  In  taet,  to  be  little 
sronnd  for  the  use  of  the  term,  were  it  not  for  the  esiatenee  of 
infections  processes  accompanied  by  delirium  or  prolonged  de- 
pression. In  other  words,  if  an  <werstion  is  free  trmn  septic 
infection  in  a  ease  destltnte  of  any  tendency  to  insanity,  there 
can  be  no  fronnd  to  think  that  the  operation  per  ««  prodnoes 
mental  disease  or  that  the  insanity  is  postroperatire  in  the  sense 
that  the  operation  bears  a  cansative  relation  to  the  insanity. 
There  are  distarbing  factors,  it  is  true,  In  connection  with  sur- 
gical operatiims,  which  may  be  competent  to  produce  an  Insani^, 
and  I  will  briefly  refer  to  some  of  them;  bat  the  insanity  which 
they  produce  can  only  be  considered  post-operatiTe  in  point  of 
sequence  rather  than  of  causation.  It  is  unquestionable  that 
the  prolonged  use  of  anesthetics  like  ether,  chloroform,  or  nitrous 
oxide  has  produced  excitement,  delirium,  mental  confusion,  and 
often  prolonged  mental  alienation  without  the  accompaniment  of 
any  (deration  whatever.  Instances  are  also  not  at  all  uncommon 
where,  following  an  operation,  excitement  has  followed  the  local 
application  of  iodoform,  the  instillation  of  atropia  or  the  admin- 
istration of  the  salicylate  of  soda,  and  where,  notwithstanding 
the  surgical  operaticm,  the  symptons  of  insanity  subsided  wholly 
upon  the  withdrawal  of  the  intoxicating  agent 

Similarly,  we  may  have  mental  symptoms  fidlowing  an  opera- 
tion clearly  ascrlbable  to  shock,  loss  of  blood,  excessive  exhaus- 
tion frcan  the  fatigue  of  a  constrained  and  nnnatnral  position, 
long-continued  vomiting  from  an  amesthetic.  or  abstinence  from 
food  owing  to  anorexia.  There  may  also  be  a  poisoning  of  the  blood 
and  omsequent  interference  with  proper  cerebration  from  defec- 
tive action  of  the  kidneys,  due  wholly  to  the  withdrawal  of  water 
by  the  month  lest  it  may  excite  vomiting  after  an  abdominal 
(Veratlon;  or  the  anasthetlc  may  have  caused  a  transitory  neph- 
ritis with  accompanying  loss  of  kidney  function.     These  and 

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■imlUr  oaoMs  which  art  not  rargleai  la  diaracUr,  but  arc  nt^.^ 
—nir  an  aooompanlmnt  of  a  snrgleal  oparaUon  may  prodaoa 
inianitj  which  cannot  In  any  manntr  ba  dlffarantiatad  Crom 
actoal  poatH>p«ratiTa  inaanity  due  to  infaetion. 

In  1899  Dr.  Hurd  waa  president  of  the  Medical  Psycho- 
logical Association.  On  that  occasion  he  took  m  the  theme  for 
his  address  "The  Teaching  of  Psychiatry."  That  his  interest 
in  the  care  of  the  insane  never  flagg«d  is  clearly  shown  hy  the 
fact  that  from  the  first  meeting  of  this  association  in  1879  ^p 
to  the  time  of  his  presidency  in  1899  he  had  missed  but  two 
annual  meetings. 

In  this  address  he  paid  a  touching  tribute  to  an  old  friend : 
WhUe  encaged  In  writtns  this  address  the  emshlnc  imwb  oomes 
of  the  sudden  death  of  Dr.  Ooddinc.  It  la  dllltealt  to  reallaa  that 
our  noble-hearted  and  caltlTated  aaaodate  haa  gona  from  earth. 
He  had  a  pceta  «oul,  the  charity  of  a  saint  and  the  heart  of  a 
child.  He  loved  poetry,  Uteratore,  art  and  miialc;  above  alL  he 
lored  hla  fellow-men. 

^^  In  1900  Dr.  Hurd  published  a  splendid  article  entitled 
"  Hospitals,  Dispensaries  and  Nursing.'*  At  the  aid  of  this 
paper  he  gave  a  list  of  the  principal  hospitals  of  the  United 
Stat<«  that  had  been  established  during  the  last  century. 

In  the  Bvn«tin  of  ihe  Iowa  BtaU  IngtituHon  for  1901 
appears  a  paper  by  Dr.  Hurd  entitled  « Reception  Hospitals 
for  Cases  of  Acute  Insani^.** 

On  November  81,  1901,  Dr.  Hurd  deUvered  an  address  on 
"  Psychiatry  in  the  Twerieth  Century,"  at  the  opening  of  an 
additional  building  at  the  New  Jersey  State  Hospital  at 
Morris  Plains.  After  paying  a  tribute  to  the  late  Miss 
Dorothea  L.  Dix,  whose  work  had  beoi  such  a  benefit  to  New 
Jersey  as  well  as  to  the  entire  country,  he  sketched  the  gradual 
changes  that  had  taken  place  in  the  treatment  of  the  insane 

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HBNBT  MILLS  HUKD 


in  tht  United  Stetn.  He  then  pointed  rat  iHien  imprort- 
ments  might  with  profit  be  n.ade  in  the  handling  of  mental 
cHee.  The  pith  of  his  remarks  is  contained  in  his  concluding 
paragraph: 

The  fatore  o(  psTehlatry  la  Amerlea  la  bright  with  hopei  The 
era  o(  foBBdatlaB  and  eoostraetloa  Is  nearlr  erar;  lostltatleBs 
have  been  evolved,  dertfoped  and  perfseted;  pathoioctaal  IniH- 
tatas  hava  hew  eataMlshed  aad  Uherally  eoalwed  aad  mpportad; 
trained  men  with  bread  leamlag  and  tadiBtaal  haowMie  hava 
been  ralaed  op  tor  spaelal  atody.  and  an  earaeat  spirit  of  Invaa* 
tlgatloB  haa  bean  developed.  Wa  are  on  the  thr«held  eC  new 
dlaeoverlea  aad  Importaat  lasprovMseata  la  the  traatOMBt  of  the 


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CHARn  X 

PAPEBSr  PUBLISHED  BT  DB.  HUBD  WHILB 

SUPERINTENDENT    OP    THE    JOHNS 

HOPKINS  HOSPITAL  (Coholudd) 

In  1909  Dr.  Hurd  uldrMMd  th«  gndiuting  dan  of  the 
training  Mhool  of  th«  Oarfidd  Hoapital  at  Waahingtcm,  D.  0. 
He  took  as  hia  tlwme  **  The  Educated  Nnrae  and  Her  Future 
Work.*  Thia  paper  waa  later  pnblidied  by  the  FHedenwald 
Preaa  in  Baltimore.  It  ahonld  be  carefully  read  by  every 
nndergradnate  and  graduate  nurae.  It  will  alao  give  to  the  lay 
reader  a  very  clear  idea  of  what  real  nuraing  meana— it  por< 
traya  in  no  nnootain  terma  how  much  the  medical  profcHion 
owea  to  the  trained  nurae. 

Dr.  Hurd  gave  a  charming  addreaa  on  '*The  Duty  and 
Reaponaibility  of  the  Univeraity  in  Medical  Education,''  at 
the  graduating  ezerdMa  in  the  Yale  Medical  School  on  June 
88,  1908.  After  briefly  conaidering  the  aubject  of  hia  dia- 
couneheaaid: 

To  dlaeoia  an  edooatioBal  qomUoii  beflore  ualvereUy  bmb  ear 
geata  the  iwproprteteneaa  of  the  qootetfam  from  Coafudua  with 
whtah  an  eiBlnent  leienttit  (met  prebeed  an  ifldraaa  made  under 
similar  elreamataaoM:  "Avoid  the  appearauee  of  erll:  do  not 
atoop  to  tie  yaw  ahoe  la  your  nelchbor^  meioa  patflh."  A  aMm- 
tMr  of  the  teadilBt  ataff  of  one  of  the  aeweet  adioola  of  medlatae 
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taaehcra  whoae  thooghta  and  aetlvttlea  have  been  molded  hy  the 
tradlUooa  o^  one  of  the  oldeat  aiedleal  adiotdi  la  the  United 
Statea.  the  alzth  In  point  of  Ume  of  eetaMtahment.  and  ihonld 

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(ANSI  and  ISO  TEST  CHART  No.  2) 


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T,S  Rochester,   New  York        U609       USA 

as  (716)   482 -0300 -Phone 

^B  (716)  288  -  5989  -  Fax 


HENRT  MILLS  HURD 


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hesitate  above  all  to  urge  the  doty  and  respoosibilitr  of  a  oni- 
Tersity  In  medical  education. 

Perhaps  I  may  also  plead  in  mitigation  of  my  Indiscretion  a 
degree  of  hereditary  relationship  to  Yale  in  the  fact  that  my 
father  graduated  here  in  medicine  in  1830;  my  grandfather  was 
a  student  about  1796,  but  did  not  graduate;  my  great-grandfather 
graduated  in  1778;  and  my  great-great-grandfather  in  1739,  and 
may  speak  as  one  whose  speech  can  be  tolerated  because  of  Un. 
albeit  remote. 

In  his  remarks  directed  especially  to  the  graduating  class 
he  said : 

In  your  chosen  profession  be  students  and  productive  workers 
always.  Do  not  look  for  speedy  results  and  do  not  be  discouraged 
if  the  secrets  of  nature  are  not  wrested  from  her  Jealous  grasp 
without  a  severe  struggle.  The  foundations  of  our  art  are  broad 
and  deep,  and  the  superstructure  should  be  erected  slowly  and 
with  care,  by  accurate  observation  of  disease  and  painstaking 
deductions.  In  your  life  as  physicians  be  prepared  for  trials, 
disappointments  and  adversities.  Take  for  your  motto  the  words 
written  by  Sir  Thomas  Browne,  that  eminent  physician,  more 
than  two  centuries  ago:  "In  this  virtuous  voyage  <rf  thy  life 
hull  not  about  like  the  Ark  without  the  use  of  Rudder,  Mast 
or  Sail  and  bound  for  no  Port.  Let  not  disappointmoit  cause 
Despondency  nor  difficulty  Despair.  Think  not  that  you  ue  saU- 
Ing  from  Lima  to  ManiUia,  when  you  may  fasten  up  the  Rudder 
and  sleep  before  the  Wind;  but  ocpect  rough  Seas,  Flaws,  and 
contrary  Blasts;  and  'tis  well  if  by  many  cross  TaCks  and  Veerings 
you  arrive  at  the  Port;  for  we  sleep  in  Lyons  Skins  in  our 
Progress  unto  Virtue  and  we  slide  not  but  dimb  unto  it." 

Have  a  purpose  and  carry  it  out  with  fortitude.  There  can 
be  no  more  absorbing  or  inspiring  career  than  is  afforded  by 
the  study  of  medicine  at  the  present  time.  The  scaffolding 
reared  by  countless  workers  during  thousands  of  years  around 
the  fair  temple  of  medicine,  necessary  toe  the  building  doubtless, 
but  concealing  its  proportions  and  too  often  defacing  its  beauties, 
has  been  swept  away,  and  for  the  first  time  it  Is  permitted  to 

(82) 


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ns  to  know  aomething  of  the  dlmeiiBioiui  and  architeetoral  pos- 
sibilities of  the  completed  edifice.  Can  there  be  a  nobler  aspira- 
tion lor  any  man  than  to  assist  in  the  completion  of  the  work  of 
transformlns  the  ancient  art  of  healing  Into  the  science  of 
medicine? 

In  1902  Dr.  Hurd  was  the  chairman  of  the  Section  on 
Neurology  and  Psychiatry  of  the  Medical  and  Chirorgical 
Faculty  of  Maryland.  At  a  meeting  of  the  section  held 
November  14,  1902,  he  took  for  his  subject  "The  Future 
Policy  of  Maryland  in  the  Care  of  Her  Insane.**  When  in 
Michigan  he  did  not  hesitate  to  tell  the  state  just  what  her 
duty  was  in  the  care  of  the  insane.  In  Baltimore  he  spoke  out 
in  the  same  fearless  manner.  He  had  carefully  studied  the 
situation  in  Baltimcrf  and  in  the  various  counties.  Maryland 
was  far  behind  the  times  and  at  the  meeting  of  the  Medical 
and  Chirurgical  Faculty  in  1897  a  symposium  on  the  state 
care  of  the  insane  had  been  arranged.  The  papers  read  on 
that  occasion  brought  forth  much  resentment  on  the  part  of 
the  state  authorities. 

Dr.  Hurd  in  his  address  in  1C92  pointed  out  what  had  been 
accomplished  in  the  interim,  but  also  stated  in  no  uncertain 
terms  that  in  many  places  throughout  the  state  the  conditions 
were  still  deplorable.  He  did  not  generalize,  as  is  so  frequently 
done,  but  was  specific,  mentioning  the  institutions  at  fault. 
He  then  indicated  how  these  appalling  conditions  should  be 
rectified. 

A  man  who  has  the  nerve  and  patriotism  to  come  out  boldly 
and  draw  attention  to  the  glaring  faults  in  his  own  state  and 
at  the  same  time  to  indicate  the  means  by  which  these  condi- 
tions can  be  ameliorated  is  without  a  doubt  a  most  valuable 
man  in  his  community — ^he  i&  a  real  citizen. 


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HENRY  MILLS  HURD 


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Dr.  Hiird*8  concluding  paragraph  addressed  to  the  medical 
profession  was  peculiarly  apt  to  the  occasion : 

Those  who  have  read  the  recently  publlahed  lite  of  Paateor 
(every  physician  ought  to  read  it)  must  have  been  Impreued  by 
the  fact  that  in  the  mind  and  life  of  this  wonderful  man  iclen- 
tiflc  knowledge  was  invariably  regarded  as  the  handmaiden  of 
humanity.  In  the  height  of  Pasteur's  interest  In  the  study  of 
ferments,  which  opened  the  way  to  our  present  antiseptic  sur- 
gical methods,  he  turned  aside  from  his  chosen  work  f<w  five 
years  to  study  the  diseases  of  silk-worms,  because  of  the  suffer- 
ings of  the  people  in  certain  portions  of  Prance  consequent  upon 
the  destruction  of  the  silk  industry.  His  subsequent  studies  in 
puerperal  fever,  charbon,  chicken  cholera,  plague  and  hydn^hobU 
were  inspired  by  a  similar  notion;  to  use  his  own  words,  "To 
give  the  heart  its  share  in  the  progress  of  science."  We  may 
not  be  able  to  imitate  Pasteur  in  scientiflc  achievement  and  In 
broad  and  vivifying  generalization  from  isolated  scientific  facta, 
but  we  can  imitate  his  bro4d  humanity  and  his  desire  to  amelio- 
rate the  lot  of  the  unfortunate.  We  can  at  present  do  no  greater 
service  to  humanity  and  the  commonwealth  than  to  use  our  pro- 
fessional influence  and  personal  effort  to  pronote  the  hospital 
treatment  of  acute  cases  of  Insanity  and  appropriate  state  care 
for  the  Insane  poor  of  the  chronic  class. 

All  interested  in  the  care  of  the  insane  should  read  this 
article  in  full.  It  appeared  in  the  Maryland  Medical  Journal. 
February,  1903. 

Thanks  to  Dr.  Hurd  and  his  colleagues  the  disgraceful  con- 
dition that  then  existed  has  long  since  been  corrected.  The 
State  Lunacy  Commission,  then  more  of  an  advisory  board, 
now  has  ample  authority  and  at  the  present  time  Dr.  Hurd  is 
the  most  valuable  member  of  the  commission. 

In  1904  Dr.  Hurd  gave  the  address  to  the  graduating  class 
of  the  Training  School  for  Nurses  at  the  Albany  Hospital. 
He  took  as  his  theme  "  Is  Nursing  a  Profession  ?  "  This  paper 
was  pubUshed  in  the  Albany  Medical  Annals,  September,  1904. 

(84) 


F'»V 


Mi 

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PAPERS  PUBLISHED  WHILE  SUPERINTENDENT 


In  his  address  at  the  graduating  exercises  of  the  Lakeside 
Hospital  School  for  Nurses  in  Cleveland,  in  1906,  his  paper 
was  entitled  **ShaU  Training  Schools  for  Nurses  be  En- 
dowed ?  **  This  is  a  theme  that  is  engrossing  the  attention  of 
more  than  one  institution. 

In  1906  Dr.  Hurd  read  a  paper  entitled  "The  Medical 
Organization  of  General  Hospitals,'*  before  the  eighth  annual 
meeting  of  the  Association  of  Hospital  SuperintendentB,  This 
article  was  published  in  the  National  Hospital  Record  in 
October  of  that  year.  At  the  annual  meeting  of  the  Canadian 
Hospital  Association,  held  in  1908,  Dr.  Hurd  spoke  on  «  The 
Proper  Length  of  the  Period  of  Training  for  Nurses."  This 
paper  was  published  in  the  American  Journal  of  Nursing  in 
June,  1908. 

In  May,  1908,  Dr.  Hurd  gave  a  paper  on  "  Psychiatry  as  a 
Part  of  Preventive  Medicine."  This  was  published  in  the 
Atn'rican  Journal  of  Insanity,  1908-9. 

The  object  of  prevwtlve  medMne  being  to  lessen  the  burdens 
of  mankind  by  obviating  preventoble  diseases,  it  is  deemed  appro- 
priate at  this  time  to  inqnire  in  what  manner  the  experience  erf 
those  who  are  familiar  with  the  problems  of  psrchlaUr  may  be 
uUIized  to  assist  in  this  good  work.  It  needs  no  elaborate  demon- 
stration to  show  the  evils  of  insanity  and  the  heavy  public  and 
private  burdens  which  it  entails  upon  every  community.  Next 
to  alcoholism  it  is  probably  the  most  potent  ©\-8e  of  pauperism 
and  dependoioe. 

The  article  is  a  most  instructive  and  important  one.  The 
conclusions  are  particularly  interesting: 

The  methods  of  rendering  the  teachings  of  psychiatry  more 
effective  to  prevent  disease  ihould  be: 

1.  To  instruct  children  in  the  schools  the  art  of  healthy  and 
useful  living.    Teadiing  should  be  more  thorough  and  not  re- 

(85) 


HFNRT  MILLS  HURD 


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■trlcted  to  fit  one  to  get  cm  In  the  world,  bat  rather  to  Inoaleate 
Ideals  which  will  give  him  a  conception  of  the  prime  Importauoe 
of  self-control  and  moral  rectltade.  It  shoald  also  Inelade  a 
knowledge  of  the  dangers  of  Immorality  and  intemperance. 

2.  To  use  the  newspapers  and  the  special  reports  of  officers  of 
instlttttions  for  the  insane  and  defective  classes,  to  scatter  broad 
-ast  a  knowledge  of  the  laws  of  bodily  and  mental  health,  and 
the  best  means  of  preventing  the  development  of  mental  disorders. 

3.  To  give  a  better  recognition  of  psychiatry  in  the  cnrriculnm 
of  every  medical  scho(4,  so  that  physicians  may  become  ftuniliar 
with  the  diagnosis  and  treatment  of  Insanity.  To  this  end  psy- 
chopathic hospitals  should  be  established  to  give  clinical  instrac- 
tion,  so  that  the  family  physician  may  recognize  insanity,  may 
be  able  to  scrutinize  carefully  the  mental  condition  of  neurotic 
children  and  may  give  wise  advice  upon  all  educational  problems. 

In  the  Nursing  Mirror  for  1908-9,  Dr.  Hurd  published  an 
important  paper  on  "  State  Registration  and  the  Education 
of  Nurses  in  the  United  States.** 

On  November  30,  1910,  a  Health  Conference  was  held  in 
Pittsburgh.  On  that  occasion  Dr.  Hurd  gave  a  short  but  most 
practical  paper  on  "  Cooperation  Among  Hospitals.**  In  this 
address  he  emphasized  the  great  value  of  cooperation.  He 
said: 

Hospitals  are  often  established  by  too  zealous  friends  tar  these 
medical  men,  or  established  hospitals  fall  under  the  dom.  ion  of 
two  rivals  in  the  profession.  Under  the  circumstances,  ooSpera- 
tion  between  the  two  hospitals  becomes  difficult  and  often  impos- 
sible. I  know  many  cities  where  such  bitter  feelings  have  In  th'> 
past  destroyed  all  hope  of  oodperation  and  where  the  friends  ot 
able  physicians  or  surgeons  formed  two  armed  camps.  Even  the 
ladies  become  enlisted  and  fight  under  one  or  the  other  banner. 
I  am  glad  to  say,  however,  that  the  days  of  bitter  rivalry  between 
hospitals  are  passing  away.  The  whole  world  is  becoming  more 
tolerant  and  the  odium  medicum  is  following  tbe  course  of  the 
odi«m  theologicum.    May  its  departure  be  as  speedy. 

(S8) 


"  1 

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PAPERS  PUBLISHED  WHILE  SUPERINTENDENT 


In  referring  to  the  purchase  of  hospital  supplies  he  men- 
tioned a  method  that  has  given  splendid  results : 

A  Tvry  obTlons  form  of  cooperation  is  tor  all  t>*«i  bospltala  of 
the  city  to  adopt  a  common  standard  of  ordinary  erery-day  sap- 
pl*es  and  to  arrange  for  their  parchaae  throofh  a  common  pur- 
chasing a«ent 

In  the  city  of  New  York  recently  also  an  attempt  has  been 
made  with  very  graUfying  success  to  esUbllsh  a  hospital  bureau, 
which  la  a  central  supply  bureau  under  a  purchasing  agent,  whose 
duty  it  is  to  make  contracts  for  gauzes,  cottons,  surgical  Instm- 
uents,  rubber  goods,  furniture,  fixtures,  bedding,  blanketa.  linen 
and  the  like.  These  supplies  are  purchased  in  Urge  quantities 
according  to  a  definite  standard  of  ezcellmee  and  at  the  lowest 
market  prices.  The  ssTlng  of  expense  in  the  cost  of  supplies  is 
considerable,  but  the  saTing  to  the  hospitals  in  the  payment  of 
salaries  to  the  officers  to  purchase  is  probably  equally  great  The 
same  is  true  of  breadstuffs.  fuel,  machinery,  etc.  Every  depar^ 
ment  of  the  Ne  v  York  hospitals  has  profited  by  the  central  bureau. 

Hospital  officers  often  do  go.  a  in  secret  and  the  community 
at  large  does  not  appreciate  how  much  is  dme  by  the  unpaid  and 
unselfish  men  and  women  who  are  managing  our  great  hospitals. 
The  good  work  they  do  should  be  better  known  and  this  can  only 
be  known  by  a  wide  publication  of  their  work.  They  should  not 
put  their  candle  under  a  bushel,  but  on  a  candlestick,  w.wt  all 
may  see  and  coSperate  in  helping  on  their  good  work.  There  are 
hundred!  of  men  and  women  who  \any  to  do  good,  bnt  who  need 
to  be  set  at  work.  Tell  the  public  what  you  are  doing  and  do 
not  hesitate  to  aak  for  substantial  support 

At  the  graduating  exercises  of  thg  Nurses'  Training  Sch;H)l 
of  The  Johns  Hopkins  Hospital  or.  May  19,  1910,  Dr.  Hurd 
gave  a  delightful  address  on  "  Florence  Nightingale— a  Force 
in  Medicine.''    He  said : 

I  desire  rather  to  speak  of  her  career  as  a  OMistmctl  re  philan- 
thropist as  a  sanitarian  and  as  an  organizer  of  nursing  service 
in  city  end  country,  of  her  statesmanlike  grasp  ta  the  problems 

(87) 


HBNRT  MILLS  HURD 


of  army  nanlnc  and  of  the  influenoe  of  her  life  work  apoa  the 
medicine  and  snrgerT  of   he  paat  half  oentuiy. 

In  the  course  of  !us  address  he  refers  to  the  visits  the  late 
Francis  T.  King,  the  late  Mrs.  Bobb,  and  Miss  Nutting  had 
with  Miss  Nightingale.  Dr.  Hard's  address  was  most  inter- 
esting from  beginning  to  end.   I  shall  quote  a  few  paragraphs. 

It  Is  mj  task  this  aftemomi  to  tell  yon  In  what  manner  she 
tuup     Suenced  the  wonderful  prosress  of  medicine  daring  the  past 

^rst,  and  probably  to  a  larger  degree,  she  has  wrought  tor 
medical  progress  through  her  reform  In  nursing.  She  found  it 
an  occupation  and  has  made  it  a  calling.  From  the  Tery  begin* 
nlng  of  her  career  she  Insisted  that  any  woman  who  engaged  In 
nursing  should  qualify  herself  as  thoroughly  for  it  as  a  man  quall- 
fles  himself  for  an^  ning  in  which  he  expects  to  succeed.  She 
belleTed  that  the  o...jt  of  training  was  to  teach  not  only  what 
was  to  be  done,  but  how  to  do  it  The  physician  or  surgeon  should 
order  whatever  needs  to  be  draie  for  the  patient's  care,  but  the 
training  of  the  nurse  should  teach  her  how  to  do  it  to  his  order. 
Training,  also,  should  teach  the  symptoms  of  disease,  so  that  the 
nurse  may  know  what  certain  symptoms  indicate  about  any  dls> 
ease  and  whether  the  patient  is  worse  or  better'  when  the  symp* 
toms  change.  Telling  the  nurse  what  to  do  i5  not  moui^  and 
cannot  be  enough  to  make  her  work  perfec' 

2.  In  all  her  writings  Miss  Nightingale  .  *  ntly  dwelt 

np<m  the  value  of  sanitation  and  obedi«ice  v«.  -  ^*n  of  health. 
She  speaks  with  endless  Iteration  of  the  nued  ui.  pure  air,  pure 
water,  efficient  drainage,  perfect  cleanliness  aod  sun-light  In  the 
sick  room.  .... 

Her  books  in  fact  have  been  an  immense  influence  in  promot* 
Ing  the  sanitation  of  the  home  and  of  the  public  and  private 
hospital.  They  furnished  principles  for  the  guidance  of  those 
who  would  work  out  their  own  plans,  when  principles  had  once 
been  enunciated  and  detailed  and  specific  plans  for  those  *o  fol- 
low, who  cannot  plan  for  themselves.    Her  suggestions  and  direo- 


(M) 


m  t.: 


PAPBR8  PUBU8HBD  WHILB  BUPBRINTBNDSNT 


ttoos  ftir  tha  can  of  p«ti«nU  In  their  own  homw  «r«  liiTaliubl* 
and  !»▼•  n«fr«r  tw«n  aqiuaad  toy  any  oChar  wrttar.  8ha  eriaa 
aload  and  aparaa  not  for  good  aanltation  and  for  tha  car*  of  tha 
patlaot.  8ha  may  not  aluoya  ba  In  acoord  with  praaant  thaorlaa 
of  tha  bacterial  orliln  of  many  dlaaaaaa  and  may  arr  in  aaerlMng 
meaalca  and  other  infactlooa  dlaaaaaa  to  a  lack  of  aanltation,  bnt 
her  main  theala  that  bad  air  and  all  dirt  are  dangeroaa  la  onaa- 
■allable.  .... 

It  may  be  called  to  mind  that  at  thla  hoapltal  Ita  foondar. 
Johna  Hopkins,  made  prorlalon  eqnally  for  tha  care  of  the  aide, 
the  Instmetlon  of  medical  atadenta  and  the  training  at  noraea, 
each  duty  being  equally  obligatory 

S.  One  of  Florence  Nigbtingale'a  moat  Important  oontrlbutiona 
to  medical  progreea  is  to  be  foond  in  her  "Notaa  on  Mattera 
Affecting  the  Health  Effldency  and  Hoapltal  Admlniatratlon  of 
the  Britlah  Army,  Founded  Chiefly  on  Bzperiencea  of  the  Laite 
War."  This  work  in  my  <vinion  oonstltutea  one  of  the  moat  Tain- 
able  oontrlbutiona  ever  made  to  hoapltal  organlaation  and  admin- 
latratiim  in  time  of  war.  Had  the  condualona  which  aha  reached 
been  heeded  in  the  CiTll  War  in  America  or  in  the  Boer  War 
in  South  Africa  or  in  tho  Spaniah-American  War,  hundreda  of 
thousanda  of  livaa  might  have  been  aared  and  milliona  of  people 
might  not  hare  mourned  over  a  useleaa  and  needleaa  aaerlfloe  of 
the  flower  of  their  young  men.  Her  ability  to  analyse  dry  atatia- 
tlca  and  army  retuma  and  her  rare  power  to  draw  ccnreet  eon- 
dusiona  from  them  aeema  remarkable. 

Probably  one  of  the  most  interesting  articles  that  Dr.  Hurd 
ever  penned  was  entitled  "  The  Site  of  The  Johns  Hopkins 
HospitaL"  This  paper  was  read  at  The  Johns  Hopkins  Hos- 
pital Historical  Club  in  December,  1910,  and  published  in  the 
Johns  Hophiiu  Nunea  Alumna  Magasine,  April,  1911. 

A  plat  of  the  site  of  The  Johna  Hc^kina  Hospital  which  was 
prepared  to  fodlltate  the  sale  of  the  property  to  the  late  Johna 
Hopklna  haa  recently  come  to  light  among  the  reoorda  of  the 
hoapltal  and  an  examination  of  the  anrrey  haa  soggeated  to  me 


HBNRT  MILLS  HURD 


tip 


that  It  will  b«  InUrMtlnc  to  all  paraoos  eoonaetad  with  th«  hoqpi- 
tal  to  M6  It  and  to  learn  somttblng  of  Its  prerloiu  hlstmr. 

The  lite  of  tae  hospital  haa  been  used  for  hospital  purposes 
for  somewhat  over  100  years.  A  ceneral  hospital  was  esUbllshed 
on  this  site  In  1797  or  in  the  early  part  of  1708.  In  an  old 
report  It  Is  spoken  of  as  a  beautiful  site  upon  a  hill,  about  a 
mile  from  the  city  of  Baltimore.  When  I  came  here  21  years 
SCO,  the  town  extended  but  a  little  to  the  east  of  the  hospital 
and  most  of  the  nolshborlns  streeU  hare  been  opened  slnoe  the 
present  site  was  selected. 

Dr.  Hurd  then  sketches  the  early  history  of  Baltimore  in  a 
most  fascinating  way  and  refers  to  the  epidemic  of  yellow 
fever  that  invaded  Baltimore.  In  1808  the  old  hospital  was 
leased  to  a  firm  of  physicians,  Drs.  Smyth  and  Mackenzie.  In 
1834  it  waa  used  as  a  lunatic  asylum,  later  called  The  Mary- 
iand  Hospital  for  the  Insane. 

From  Dr.  Kurd's  paper  we  learn  that  at  one  time  the  town 
of  Joppa  on  the  Gunpowder  River  waa  larger  than  Baltimore 
and  that  from  this  town  there  waa  l  brisk  trade  in  tobacco,' 
many  ships  sailing  from  Joppa  to  England.    The  old  Joppa 
Eoad  ran  from  Joppa  through  Baltimore  to  AnnapoUs.    It 
crossed  the  present  hospital  ground  a  few  feet  north  of  the 
present  administration  building.    A  house  that  faced  on  the 
Joppa  Boad  existed  until  a  few  weeks  ago  (June,  191S)  and  its 
front  foundation  can  still  be  seen  on  the  south  side  of  Monu- 
ment Street  between  Bond  and  Caroline  streets.     It  waa 
located  directly  behind  the  moving  picture  parlor  frequented 
by  colored  people.    This  building  was  clearly  visible  from 
Monument  Street  when  the  picture  parlor  was  being  con- 
structed.   Judging  from  the  front  of  the  house  the  Joppa 
Road  crossed  the  present  Monument  Street,  going  northward 
and  westward  between  Bond  and  Caroline  streets.    In  1836 

(SO) 


■nl 


PAPBR8  PUBU8HSD  WHILB  SUPCRINTISNDSNT 


land  WM  bought  by  the  hoapital  on  th«  north  d  th*  Jopp* 
Bead  and  thii  onoe  bnaj  mvin  thoronghfare  waa  doted. 

Johns  H<wUnf  ditiJ.  tlia  daj  before  Chrlatmas,  187S.  and  early 
In  ^be  Mlowins  Febmary  the  tmatees  organlaed  foi  flret 

time  ae  a  board  end  arranged  to  take  over  what  proi*^  ,  waa 
ready  for  them.  ....  They  made  ai<  effort  to  get  competltlre 
plans,  but  finally  caye  it  ap  and  Dr.  i.  8.  BUllnfs,  who  is  now 
at  the  head  of  the  New  York  PnMic  Library,  went  abroad  with 
K  wt  of  plaus  whldi  he  sabmltted  to  all  persona  who  were  akllled 
In  hospital  oonstnictloo.  In  1874  the  original  bolldlnga  had 
been  ttnn  down,  bat  it  was  not  onti*.  1876  that  Dr.  Billlags  re- 
turned with  hia  plana.  .... 

The  buildings  were  begun  In  1877,  but  wwe  erected  no  faater 
than  the  trustees  had  the  money  to  pay  for  them.  They  built 
them  wh<My  out  of  income  and  when  money  was  not  ayallaMe 
to  oontlpue  the  work  they  oeased  building  operations  until  more 
money  eame  Into  the  treaaury.  The  result  was  a  delay  of  full 
12  years  Itvton  the  buildings  were  completed.  The  trustees  were 
bitterly  attacked  by  the  newspapers,  eepedally  in  the  columns 
where  the  letters  of  the  people  wpear.  but  they  went  on  in  their 
own  way  and  when  the  bulldlnga  wore  completed  and  opened  in 
1889.  they  had  been  conatructed  wholly  out  ot  income  and  the 
capital  fund  of  the  hoepltal  had  been  increased  more  than  flOO,- 
000  during  the  process  of  building.  Many  hospitals  are  bollt 
after  a  dlffermt  plan  and  must  contend  with  norertr  and  debt 
for  many  years.  The  trustees  ot  The  Johns  Hopkiiis  Hospital 
wwe  more  sensible.  They  knew  that  '  e  hoepltal  was  to  last 
for  a  long  time  and  that  there  waa  nr  reason  w;.>  Uier  mii 
cripple  It  tor  all  time  in  order  that  it  might  b«  open* 
years  aooner. 

Dr.  Hnrd  then  gaye  a  short  account  of  Johns  HopiuM^ 
Accompanying  the  article  is  a  picture  of  the  old  1 
Hospital;  the  real  estate  plat  of  the  present  hoep: 
showing  the  position  of  the  original  Maryland  Hob^ 
this  ground  and  the  location  of  the  Joppa  Boad.    Tb 

(»i> 


Mf^. 

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fe! 


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1.    -.J. 


R.    J? 


HBNRT  lOLLa  HDRO 


pictaw  ihowi  tlM  dto  of  th«  praent  hoipittl-*  brotd  fcnot 
•round  it,  a  t«nt  on  the  dte,  and  numy  men  and  horsey  nady 
to  begin  the  tzcaTation  for  the  foundation  of  The  Johna 
Hopkina  Hoepital.  Etery  one  intereated  in  the  inatitution 
will  be  delighted  with  Dr.  Hurd'a  article. 


I  i'. 


{99t 


iM  I 


PAPIRS  PUPUSMBD  WRILB  nDORlTART  OP  BOARD 


CBAPTB  XI 

D&  HUBD,  SECRBTABT  OF  THE  BOABD  OF 

TBUS'^       *  OF  THE  JOHNS 

H  .&  HOSPITAL 

SlKwtly  after  Dr.  >.  .a  relinquished  hie  dntiee  m  iuperin- 
tendent  of  the  hospital  he  moyed  ^acrosa  town''  to  10S8 
Si  Paul  Street  where  he  hM  since  resided.  Hio  secretarial 
duties  have  occupied  much  of  his  time,  but  he  has  aeverthdesa 
always  somehow  made  time  for  his  literary  work.  The  first 
artide  from  his  pen  after  he  became  secretary  was  **  Early 
Days  of  The  JoLns  Hopkins  Hospital  and  Medical  SduKi.** 
A  perusal  of  this  splendid  historic^  sketdi  gives  one  a  graphic 
picture  of  the  hospital  in  its  formative  days.  To  one  who  was 
on  the  scene  in  those  delightful  days  it  brings  back  priceleaa 
memories.  In  order  that  the  reader  may  recall  some  of  the 
m     -tones  I  will  quote  sections  of  this  sketch : 

late  J<Ans  HftpUna  proonred  an  act  of  ineorporatloa  of 
!ito  future  homltal  from  the  IfarTlaad  Legislature  la  IWI  and 
named  U  aUa  men,  neaiiy  all  of  them  Intimate  and  trusted 
frioids  or  ralatlTes,  to  aet  as  Ineorporatora  and  tmstess.  Bnoad 
deeding  to  this  Board  of  Tmsteea  a  site  for  the  Instltattoa, 
whleh  flOBslsted  of  the  buildings  and  grounds  of  the  old  llarr* 
land  Hospital  for  the  Insane^  founded  la  1717.  he  had  taken  no 
further  steps  towards  Ite  woetloa  at  the  time  at  his  death  in 

December.  1S78 The  aetaal  work  of  eonstruetloa  did  not 

begin  until  1877.  and  the  hospital  was  not  opened  until  Ittt. 

The  medical  adiool.  fer  whldi  Mr.  Hopkins  made  provision  In 
his  will,  when  he  made  his  bequeet  to  the  nnlversltr.  was  not 
opened  untn  189S,  80  years  subsequent  to  his  death.    Theee 

(M) 


HENRT  MILLS  HURD 


>^   •' 


liH 


delayi  ard  disappolotmrats  were  due  to  flnuicial  difflcnltiM, 
for  which  the  tnutees  of  the  unlTenity  were  In  no  way  re- 
■p<mslble 

In  August,  188»,  when  I  came  to  BalUmore  to  assume  charge 
of  the  hospital  as  supertntendent,  I  found  four  wards  in  com- 
mission, vie.,  a  pay  ward  for  men  and  women,  two  public  wards 
for  men  and  a  public  ward  for  women.  An  out-patient  depart- 
ment had  also  been  opened  under  the  charge  of  Dr.  Halsted. 
The  pathological  laboratory,  under  the  charge  of  Dr.  Welch  with 
a  corps  of  assistants,  had  been  operated  as  a  branch  of  the  uni- 
versity since  1886,  although  recenUy  under  the  Joint  control  of 
the  hospital  and  the  university,  owing  to  the  financial  difficulties 
which  hampered  the  university  at  that  time. 

Dr.  W.  H.  Welch  was  in  the  full  tide  of  his  brilliant  career  as 
a  teacher,  and  had  attracted  to  Baltimore  such  men  as  the  late 
ChrisUan  A.  Herter  and  W.  S.  Halsted,  of  New  York,  W.  T.  CkMincU- 
man,  now  of  Harvard,  A.  C.  Abbott,  now  of  the  University  of 
Pennsylvania,  P.  P.  Mall,  later  at  CTark  University  and  the  Uni- 
versity of  Chicago,  and  any  others  of  equal  prominence,  who 
were  aU  deeply  engaged  In  medical  research.  Possessing  encydo- 
pedio  knowledge,  unusual  geniality  and  large-mindedness  in  his 
relations  with  other  men,  and  the  gift  of  exposIUon,  so  essenUal 
to  the  true  teacher,  he  has  been  an  active  factor  in  the  university 
and  hospital  for  many  years.  He  is  above  aU  an  invesUgator 
with  a  Judicial  cast  of  mind  and  with  the  ability  to  stimulate 
his  associates  and  students  to  productive  work,  and  the  greater 
ability  to  exercise  a  wise  control  over  them. 

Dr.  W.  S.  Halsted  was  at  the  bead  of  the  surgical  work  of  the 
infant  hospital  which  he  had  organized  In  accordance  with  the 
newer  teachings  of  Lord  Lister,  along  the  line  of  a  better  tech- 
nique based  upon  the  teachings  of  baetericdogy.  He  possesses 
the  faculty  of  constructive  work  not  alone  in  the  prineiplea  of 
surgery,  but  also  in  the  details  and  mlnutia  of  surgical  teehnigue. 
He  is  eminentty  thorough  in  all  that  he  undertakes  to  do  and 
whatever  principles  of  surgery  he  has  established  have  be«n 
firmly  founded  upon  experlaice  as  a  surgeon,  diligence  as  an 
investigator  and  experimental  «itudles  upon  the  lower  animals. 

(94) 


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■mamm 


PAPERS  PUBUSHED  WHILE  8BCRBTART  OF  BOARD 


He  was  tben  bednnlng  to  derdop  what  was  to  beoomo  daring 
the  next  20  jreara  a  Bthooi  of  rargeiTi  not  cnly  in  what  was 
accomplished,  bat  also  In  the  Inflaenoe  whldi  he  exerted  apoo 
new  men  and  the  training  which  ther  reoelved. 

Or.  William  Osier  had  lately  eome  from  Philadelphia  as 
physlclan-ln-chlef  of  the  hospital  and  had  already  attracted  madi 
attention  by  reason  of  his  anlqae  personality,  his  Tersatlllty  in 
medicine  and  his  literary  facility.  He  was  a  master  of  English, 
deeply  versed  In  the  history  of  medicine,  an  expert  path<dogist, 
a  well-trained  diagnostician,  filled  with  knowledge  of  practical 
medicine,  and  a  remarkable  clinical  teadier.  He  had  anwearled 
Indastry  and  a  wonderfnl  ability  to  atlUse  his  gifts  to  accom- 
plish beneficial  resnlts  for  medical  science  and  for  the  world. 
His  call  to  Oxford  in  1905  was  a  serioos  blow  to  the  hospltaL 

It  Is  remarkable  that  three  aach  men  as  Weldi,  Halsted  and 
Osier  should  have  been  found  to  launch  the  hospital  on  Its  sno- 
ceesful  career,  eadi  possessing  dUterent  powers  and  yet  aU 
working  harmoniously  to  supplement  the  activities  of  eadi  other. 

In  October  Dr.  H.  A.  Kelly  came  from  Philadelphia  to  assume 
his  duties  as  gynecologlst-in-chief  of  the  hospital,  and  estaUlshed 
a  public  and  prlTate  ward  for  surgical  diseases  of  wonen.  He 
was  and  is  a  brilliant  operator  whose  mechanical  deftness  and 
manual  skill  hare  beox  the  admiration,  envy  and  despair  of  all 
who  have  followed  his  work  in  the  operating  nxon.  His  ability 
to  devise  new  operations  and  to  meet  emergencies  in  surgery  is 
phenomenal.  In  addition  to  an  extensiire  surgical  work  he  early 
became  Interested  in  the  preparation  ot  surgical  books  which 
were  dearly  written  and  beautifully  illustrated  by  the  best  medi- 
cal artists  procurable  in  this  country  or  Europe.  His  intwest  in 
art  as  applied  to  medicine  and  surgery  has  been  an  Important 
contribution  to  the  profession  and  has  influenced  widely  medical 
literature  in  America.  Equally  with  Osier.  Wdch  and  Halsted, 
he  has  trained  studoits  to  do  excdlent  wotk  as  operators  and 
teachers  throughout  the  country. 

All  of  these  l«ulers  were  young  men,  the  eldest  not  being  more 
than  40  years  of  age  and  many  of  them  much  younger.  Gray 
hairs  thus  Car  hare  not  adraved  the  heads  of  most  ot  those  who 


(S») 


HENRT  MILLS  HURD 


I?    'i ' 


■A: '  •>'■» 


jK. 


Jfc  p 

I  in:' 


were  Intereited  In  the  derel(vment  of  the  hoepltal,  althooch  It 
mast  be  acknowledged  that  some  might  have  grown  gray  if  they 
bad  retained  their  original  covering.  All  were  wisely  Interested 
in  the  public  welfare  and  used  their  influoioe  in  the  city,  state 
and  country  at  large  to  improve  sanitaUm,  to  give  better  eare 
to  the  poor,  earlier  help  to  the  tuberculous  and  to  institute 
healthier  conditions  of  living  generally.  .... 

In  the  Journal  of  the  American  Medical  Association,  1912, 
Vol.  \ix,  p.  1677,  Dr.  Hurd  published  a  paper  on  "The 
Proper  DiTision  of  the  Services  of  the  Hospital." 

In  1912  he  was  president  of  the  fourteenth  annual  meeting 
of  the  American  Hospital  Association.  He  took  for  his  theme 
on  this  occasion  "  Hospital  Problems."  This  address  appeared 
in  the  Intematicnal  Hospital  Record  for  that  year. 

In  the  Bulletin  of  the  Medical  and  Chirurgicai  Faculty  of 
Maryland  for  1912-3  he  published  an  interesting  paper  en- 
titled "Extracts  from  the  Laws  of  Maryland  and  Virginia 
Regarding  the  Early  Care  of  the  Insane." 

Dr.  Hurd's  paper  "  Three-Quarters  of  a  Century  of  Institu- 
tional Care  of  the  Insane  in  the  United  States  "  appeared  in 
the  American  Journal  of  Insanity,  1912-3,  Vol.  liix,  p.  469. 
He  divided  the  care  of  the  insane  during  this  period  into  four 
stages: 

1.  The  period  of  neglect 

2.  The  era  of  awakening. 

3.  The  period  of  state  care  of  the  insane. 

4.  The  period  of  scientific  care. 

After  considering  each  of  these  stages  in  detail  he  took  up : 
Laws  for  commitment  of  the  insane  in  every  state ;  the  criminal 
insane;  detention  hospitals;  hospitals  for  the  chronic  insane; 
after-care  of  the  insane;  architectural  changes  and  improve- 


ii*L  I 


immm^aiMmmmmmmammmmmmm 


PAPERS  PUBLI8HBD  WHILE  SECRETARY  OF  BOARD 

ments ;  scientific  work ;  biographies,  etc.  The  article  is  a  very 
instimctive  one  even  for  those  who  know  littie  about  psychiatry. 

In  the  Modem  Hoapitai  for  1913  we  find  two  articles  from 
Dr.  Hnrd's  pen,  "The  Hospital  as  a  Factor  in  Modem 
Sociel^  "  and  "  Hospitals  and  the  Befonn  of  Medical  Teach- 
ing." 

During  the  year  1914  Dr.  Hnrd  contributed  eight  papers  to 
the  literature,  "Some  of  the  Writings  of  the  Late  Eugene 
Fauntleroy  Gordell^;  "Belatic^.  of  the  General  Hospital  to 
the  Training  School  for  Nurses'*;  "Hospital  Medical  Sta- 
tistics"; "The  Small  Hospital  a  Factor  in  Medical  Edu- 
cation"; "Mental  Cases  in  General  Hospitals";  "The 
Human  Side  of  Florence  Nightingale";  "Eupert  Norton"; 
"  State  Registration  of  Nurses." 

Dr.  Gordell  was  the  medical  historian  of  the  Uniyersity  of 
Maryland  and  had  published  a  most  valuable  history  of  medi- 
cine in  Maryland.  His  book  is  a  very  interesting  one  and  will 
long  remain  the  source  of  information  relative  to  medical 
events  in  this  state. 

Dr.  Bupert  Norton  had  been  associated  with  Dr.  Hurd  for 
several  years.  He  remained  assistant  superintendent  when 
Dr.  Winford  H.  Smith  succeeded  Dr.  Hurd.  In  1914 
Dr.  Norton  developed  typhoid  fever  and  died. 

Dr.  Hurd  in  his  article  paid  a  well-deserved  tribute  to  his 
former  associate. 

A  reference  to  Dr.  Hurd's  bibliography  shows  that  he  pub- 
lished no  less  than  eight  papers  in  1916.  Among  than  were 
"  The  Early  Years  of  The  Johns  Hopkins  Hospital " ; "  Forty- 
Five  Tears  Ago  and  Now  "; "  The  Treatment  of  Mental  Casea 
in  General  Hospitals";  "The  General  Government  of  State 
Hospitals." 

(»T) 


!  I 


HBNRT  MILLS  HURD 


In  1916  Dr.  Hurd  in  addition  to  a  tremendous  amount  of 
editorial  work  he  had  vnder  way  published  six  papers.  They 
were  "  Some  Sources  of  Friction  in  the  Management  of  Hos- 
pitals"; "Another  Source  of  Friction  in  Hospital  Adminis- 
tration'*; "Who  Shall  Manage  the  Training  School  for 
Nurses?";  "The  Advantages  of  the  Budget  System"; 
"  Nathan  Smith,  Nathan  R.  Smith,  and  Alan  P.  Smith—* 
Medical  Family  "; "  Need  of  Segregation  of  Imbecile  Women." 
On  March  12,  1917,  Dr.  Hurd  read  a  paper  on  "Johns 
Hopkins  and  Some  of  His  Contemporaries  "  before  the  His- 
torical Club.  This  was  published  in  the  July  number  of  the 
BuLLETiK  for  the  same  year.  In  his  introductory  remarks 
Dr.  Hurd  says : 

The  primary  object  of  our  Historical  Club,  when  it  wai  founded, 
was  the  study  of  medical  history.  To-night  I  have  thought  it 
wise  to  speak  of  the  Ufe  of  one  who  was  not  directly  connected 
with  the  history  of  medicine,  but  who,  because  of  the  Influence 
which  the  university  and  hospital  he  established  have  had  upon 
medical  educaUon  in  this  country,  seemr  dosely  alUed  to  m<Mll- 
cin&  I  have  also  an  additicmal  reason  for  speaking  briefly  of  his 
personal  history  before  this  dub,  because  as  the  years  pass  I  flnd 
that  the  career  of  JcAns  Hc^klns  becomes  lees  familiar  to  the 
present  generation,  and  there  is  danger  that  he  may  become  a 
mythical  personality.  This  is  my  reason  tm  speaking  of  his 
origin  and  personal  characteristics  and  giving  some  account  of  his 
career  in  Baltimore.  I  also  wish  to  speak  of  his  personal  interest 
In  the  hospital  and  of  the  men  he  selected  to  carry  out  the 
enterprises. 

Dr.  Hurd  then  briefly  sketched  the  life  of  the  foimder  of 
The  Johns  Hopkins  Hospital  and  also  gave  a  short  account  of 
the  original  trustees  of  the  hospital 

WiHx  a  reemrd  of  so  much  work  d(me  after  resigning  the 
superintendeney  the  reader  will  naturally  ask  why  Dr.  Hurd 

(M) 


PAPERS  FnBLISHKD  WHILS  SBCRBTARY  OF  BOARD 


did  not  remain  at  the  helm.  Physically,  mentally  and  in  every 
way  he  was  still  in  his  heyday,  but  he  felt  that  he  had  borne 
the  heat  nf  the  day  long  enough  and  that  the  running  of  the 
hospital  should  now  be  placed  in  younger  hands.  One  of  the 
trustees  of  the  hospital  who  spent  several  weeks  traveling  with 
Dr.  Hurd  some  yearc  after  he  had  retired  from  the  superin- 
tendency  was  so  much  surprised  at  his  agility  that  he  turned 
to  me  and  said,  **  I  he"'*  nsver  seen  a  man  who  can  jump  out 
of  bed,  say  his  prayers,  sliave  and  drees  as  quickly  as  Dr.  Hurd 
does,  and  he  does  not  in  any  way  curtail  the  length  of  his 
prayers.** 


(Ml 


HI 


HBNRT  MILLS  HURD 


i  \: 


if. 


,f^ ,' 


Chapter  XII 
BOOKS  WRITTEN  BY  DB.  HUBD 

HoSPITAUi,  Dl8PEy«?ABIE8  AND  NUBfiINO 
Edited  bt  Johw  S.  Bnxines,  M.  D.,  awd  Hbubt  M.  Hubd,  M.  D. 

The  International  Congress  of  Charitiee,  Correction  and 
Philanthropy  was  held  in  Chicago,  Jnne  12  to  17, 1893.  Sec- 
tion 3  was  devoted  to  the  hospital  care  of  the  sick,  training  of 
nurses,  dispensary  work  and  first  aid  to  the  injured.  Dr.  John 
S.  Billings  was  chairman  and  Dr.  Henry  M.  Hurd  secretary 
of  this  section;  Miss  Isabel  A.  Hampton  was  chairman  of  the 
subsection  on  Nursing. 

Many  valuable  papers  were  read  in  the  section  and  it  was 
clearly  evident  that  tne  addressM  should  be  published,  but  the 
necessary  funds  were  lacking.  Dr.  Billings  and  Dr.  Hurd 
came  to  the  rescue  and  at  their  own  expense  published  and  also 
edited  the  large  volume  of  over  700  pages.  This  splendid 
publication  is  of  much  interest  to  Baltimoreans  not  only  on 
account  of  the  many  valuable  papers,  but  also  because  Balti- 
moreans contributed  in  no  small  measure  to  the  success  of  the 
Congress. 

Dr.  Billings*  chairmanship  address  was  entitled  '*  The  Bela- 
tions  of  Hospitals  to  Public  Health.*'  Miss  Hampton  took  for 
her  theme  "Educational  Standards  for  Nurses,**  and  Miss 
L.  L.  Dock  spoke  on  "  The  Eelation  of  Training  Schools  to 
Hospitals.** 

Dr.  Hurd*s  address  was  on  **  The  Eelation  of  Hospitals  to 
Medical  Education.'*    Mr.  Henry  C.  Burdett,  of  London, 

(100) 


BOOKS  WRITTEN  BY  DR.  HURD 


England,  the  Honorary  Chairman  of  the  Section,  in  discussing 
Dr.  Hnrd*B  paper  said : 

I  should  like  to  say  that  I  think  It  Is  Tery  Important  that 
we  should  hare  a  paper  of  this  kind  read  this  session.  It  Is 
Important  because  It  clearly  lays  down  and  brings  out  clearly  to 
the  non-technical  mL.J  the  reabon  why  the  cost  of  administer- 
ing hospitals  tends  steadily  to  Increase,  and  what  those  who  give 
to  hospitals  really  get  back  In  return  for  their  money.  A  man 
Is  often  amazed  by  the  demands  which  are  amstanUy  made 
for  more  and  more  money,  especially  for  buildings,  and  I  do 
think  that  Dr.  Kurd's  paper  will  fulflU  a  rery  useful  pnrr..ose. 
and  I  hopf.  It  will  be  printed  and  widely  drenlated  unong 
hospitals.  .... 

Miss  M.  A.  Boland,  .he  dietitian  of  The  Johns  Hopkins 
Hospital,  gave  an  interesting  address  on  "  Hospital  Dietaries.'* 
Dr.  Hurd  gave  a  second  paper  "  Description  of  The  Johas 
Hopkins  Hospital."  After  briefly  detaiUng  the  gift  of  Johns 
Hopkins  and  speaking  of  the  plans  and  building  of  the  hos- 
pital, he  described  the  institution  in  detail,  giving  numerous 
illustrations  and  plans.  The  picture  that  will  appeal  most  to 
the  older  members  of  the  faculty  is  the  one  of  the  isolation 
wprd,  with  the  old  boardwalk  extending  from  the  northern 
exit  of  this  building  over  to  the  steps  of  the  pathological 
building.  One  can  even  now  vividly  see  those  going  from  the 
hospital  to  the  laboratory  in  rainy  weather,  tuning  up  their 
coat  collars  and  sprinting  rapidly  over  to  the  pathological 
department. 

The  Congress  was  honored  by  a  paper  "  Sick  Nursing  and 
Health  Nursing  *'  by  Florence  Nightingale,  and  by  an  addreas 
by  our  own  Cardinal  Gibbons  on  "Work  Done  by  Religioos 
Communities  Devoted  to  the  Belief  of  the  Sick." 

Too  much  credit  cannot  be  given  to  Dr.  Billings  and  to 
Dr.  Hurd  not  only  for  editing,  but  also  for  her  ring  the  cost  of 

(101) 


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HBNRT  MILLS  HURD 


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this  Toltune  which  contains  valuable  articles  from  specialists 
in  all  parts  of  the  world. 

SUGOESTZONS  TO  HOSPITAL  YlSTTOBS 

In  1896  Dr.  John  S.  Billings  and  Dr.  Hurd  brought  out  a 
small  book  entitled  "Suggestions  to  Hospital  and  Asylum 
Visitors."  The  need  for  such  a  book  was  very  evident  and 
S.  Weir  Mitchell  prevailed  upon  these  Tell-known  hospital 
authorities  to  write  it  Dr.  Mitchell's  introduction  is  so  much 
to  the  point  that  I  quote  it  in  full : 

Per  several  years  I  have  been  urging  apon  Professor  BlUlngs 
the  need  for  a  small  manual  suited  to  the  wants  of  hospital  visi- 
tors. I  have  many  times  been  asked  by  laymen  who  have  to 
manage  eleemosynary  InsUtnUons  where  they  could  learn  how 
critically  to  Inspect  them  with  a  reasonable  chance  of  seeing 
what  Is  wrong  and  learning  how  to  value  what  is  praiseworthy. 
It  is  useless  to  point  the  inquirer  to  the  greater  works  on  hygiene. 
These  presuppose  such  knowledge  as  few  possess  who  are  not 
educated  physicians.  There  is  needed  a  condensed  sUtement  of 
what  to  see  in  a  hospital  and  hoto  to  see  it 

Every  new  domain  of  observation  requires  a  peculiar  and  in- 
dividualized training.  The  acute  microscopist  might  be  a  duU 
observer  of  the  facts  of  disease  which  we  caU  symptoms;  the 
clever  artist  may  be  a  sad  failure  when  called  upon  to  see  with 
critical  eyes  the  phenomena  of  the  laboratory.  How.  then,  can 
we  expect  that  quite  untrained  people  should  of  a  sudden  become 
useful  observers  In  a  field  as  new  to  them  as  is  a  hospital? 

Boards  of  managers  are  chosen  out  of  the  every-day  life  at 
commerce  and  professicng  other  than  that  of  medicine.  The 
members  are  presumed  to  study  results  into  which  enter  ques- 
tions of  cooking,  dietetics,  ventilation,  medical  and  snn^eal 
cleanliness,  which  involves  dlsinfecUon,  and  many  other  matters 
exacting  careful  attention,  and  only  to  be  thoroughly  understood 
after  years  of  training.  This  little  manual  is  meant  to  assist 
untrained  observers,  yet  even  the  most  expert  manager  of  a  hos- 

(102) 


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BOOKS  WRITTEN  I  Y  DR.  KURD 


pital  or  the  »blert  medlad  obitnrw  ought  to  find  In  It  Talnable 
hint*.  This  fiiide  to  the  hoipltia  TUrttor  1  h»T«  Mk«d  leav*  to 
Introduo*.  It  hM  coit  an  amount  of  care  and  thought  out  of 
proporUoo  to  Ita  alie.  While  In  manuacript  It  wa*  criUcally 
read  toy  ProfeeaorB  J.  M.  DaCoata,  J.  William  White,  and  myself, 
and  oertain  changea  or  addltlona  were  auggeated.  FlnaUy,  Dr. 
Kurd,  the  aooompUahed  director  of  The  John*  Hopklna  Hoepltal. 
waa  kind  enough  to  aaaodate  hlmaelf  with  Profeeaor  BlUlnga 
and  to  take  the  utmoat  Intereat  In  the  work.  Out  of  their  Joint 
labor  and  the  crlUdam  of  able  physldana  and  nuraea  haa  come 
at  last  the  hdpful  Uttla  book  which  originated  In  my  auggee- 
Uon,  and  which  I  confidently  commend  to  aU  who,  being  man»- 
gera,  trustees,  or  In  any  way  connected  with  hospital  work,  are 
not  contented  to  assume  an  ofllclal  name  and  remain  Igncu-ant  of 
how  h<meetly  to  fulfill  the  duties  which  should  go  with  It 

8.  Wsn  MrroHBX,  M.  D. 

It  is  doubtful  if  any  smaU  book  of  43  pEgea  was  ever  bo 
crammed  full  of  information  and  good  advice.  It  should  be 
reprinted  and  be  read  by  every  hospital  trustee  and  by  all  in 
any  way  interested  in  hospitals.  A  perusal  of  its  pages  will 
give  the  reader  a  very  dear  idea  of  the  manifold  details  of 
hospital  management  will  enable  LJn  to  render  valuable 
advice  without  unjust  criticism  and  will  make  the  path  of  the 
superintendent  or  director  of  the  hospital  a  much  smoother 
one.  In  short,  it  will  promote  the  maximum  efficiency  with 
friction  reduced  to  the  minimum. 

The  copy  of  the  book  that  fell  into  my  hands  contains  a  few 
notes  in  Dr.  Kurd's  hand  writing.  These  I  venture  to  repro- 
duce here  without  his  knowledge  or  permission : 

BUQOEBnONS  JOB  THS  OBOANIZATION   OF  AUXIUABT  BOABDS 

07  YISIT0B8 

1.  Composed  of  men  and  women  who  are  Intaraated  in  human- 
itarian and  philanthropic  work. 

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HBNRT  MILLS  HURD 


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t.  Th«7  should  b*  abwdatoly  free  from  any  partiMui  or  polltS- 
eal  blM. 

5.  Thty  shonld  feti  at  liberty  to  maka  angtaatlona  aa  to  tba 
pcdlejr  of  the  hoapital.  aa  to  purehiuinc,  admlnlatratlT*  datalla. 
•tc  They  ahonld  be  contented  to  preaent  their  rlewa  to  the 
coremlng  body  with  whom  maat  reet  the  reaponalblUty  of  the 
final  dedalon. 

4.  They  ahoold  seek  to  asalat  In  all  aodal  aerrloe  mattera.  The 
oflloers  of  a  hoapital,  aa  a  role,  are  not  widely  acquainted  with 
the  poaslbllltles  of  aoelal  help  In  the  community  or  the  aourcea 
of  aid.  The  Board  of  VUltora  can  do  Incalculable  good  by  brlnr 
Ing  the  hoapital  Into  relation  with  all  helplnc  acendea. 

6.  Boarda  of  Vlaltora  should  never  lose  alfht  of  the  fact  that 
they  are  prlvHeced  to  asalat  In  a  moat  Important  public  aerrloe^ 
The  Increaalnff  wealth  of  the  country  and  the  growth  of  a  lelaure 
dasa  can  only  do  harm  If  theee  become  a  aource  6t  peraoaal 
pleasure  to  those  who  have  leisure  and  abundant  meana.  It 
however,  they  use  tLelr  good  fortune  for  the  pubUc  good,  new 
asplratlona  are  arouaed  and  new  and  moat  satisfying  channela  of 
activity  are  found  which  dignify  and  ennoble  the  Individual  and 
bless  the  community.  Personal  service  to  hospitals  and  almllar 
charities  thus  become  not  only  a  duty  but  a  pleasure,  and  life  la 
enlarged  and  made  purpoaeful  by  the  performance  of  good  work. 

Thb  Institutional  Cabb  op  thb  Insanb  in  thb  United 
States  and  Canada 
At  the  66th  annual  meeting  of  the  American  Medico- 
Psychological  Association  held  in  Washington,  D.  C,  in  May, 
1910,  Dr.  Hurd  gave  an  address  entitled  "  A  History  of  Insti- 
tutional Care  of  the  Insane  in  the  United  States  and  Canada.** 
This  paper  was  published  in  the  American  Journal  of  Insanity, 
1910-11,  Vol.  Ixvii,  p.  587.  In  the  course  of  his  address 
Dr.  Hurd  said : 

The  movement  to  write  a  history  of  the  aaaodatlon  and  Ita 
work  had  Ita  origin  at  the  Baltimore  meeUng  In  1895,  wh<m  Dr. 
Powell,  of  Georgia,  presented  a  very  Interesting  ouUlne  of  the 

(104) 


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BOOKS  WRITTSN  BT  DR.  HTTRD 


"rlM  and  procrwi  ct  •  VMt  amUm  of  AttrtttM  In  th*  II  com- 
moiiwMlthi  of  the  Sooth."  with  dHiOltd  Meoonti  of  tuUtaUou 
In  Vlrglni*.  Korth  Candinn  and  GoorglA.  It  WM  trldcBt  trom 
tho  lntw«ot  which  wm  thta  ozdtod  that  maeh  had  bMO  dOM  hy 
■Imilar  toondations  In  aU  tho  aUtco  of  tho  Union,  and  tram  thia 
oonrleUon  grow  tho  orlUnal  roaolnUona  anhoaqnontly  proooatod 
by  Dr.  J.  W.  BAboodc,  of  CotamMa.  &  C.  Thooo  roaolnttona  woro 
oooaldorod  and  taroraMr  aetod  apon.  and  a  eonunlttoo  waa  ap- 
polntod,  hat  nothing  aooma  to  haTO  oomo  of  It,  althooi^  prograaa 
baa  h««n  reported  from  time  to  time,  and  an  effort  haa  bean 
made  to  stir  up  r  general  sentiment  in  faror  of  oompletlng  the 
work.  For  this  and  other  reasons,  althongh  not  aware  of  any 
special  personal  fltneas  for  the  work.  I  did  not  feel  at  liberty  to 
deeline  the  appointment  made  at  the  OincinnaU  meeting,  and 
of  whldi.  by  the  way.  I  learned  for  the  first  time  In  Jnne  last  at 
Atlantic  City.  Since  that  time  I  haye  made  an  Intermittent  effort 
to  organise  the  work  and  to  collect  snch  material  as  I  could  find. 

The  full  committee  consisted  of  Dr.  Henry  M.  Hurd,  chair- 
man; D'  William  F.  Drewry,  for  the  South;  Dr.  Bichard 
Dewey,  for  the  West;  Dr.  Charles  W.  Pilgrim,  for  the  middle 
states;  Dr.  G.  Alder  Bltuner,  for  New  England;  Dr.  T.  J.  W. 
Burgees,  for  British  Ametlca. 

The  object  of  the  preeuit  paper  is  to  giro  some  aceoont  of 
the  progress  of  the  work  and  to  say  what  needs  to  be  done.  I 
hope.  also,  to  stir  np  in  the  minds  of  the  members  ot  the  aseodar 
Uon  a  feeling  of  responsibility  for  it.  so  that  there  may  be  coSpera- 
tlon  in  gathering  the  material  and  preparing  it  for  pnMleaUon 
at  the  proper  time.  The  dUBeultiea  in  the  task  are  Tory  great 
Those  who  have  been  Interested  in  the  oonstntotion  of  the  Instl- 
tntions  for  the  insane  in  the  United  SUtes  hare  been  largely 
isolated  workers,  and  their  reewds  are.  consequenUy.  widely 
scattered  throughout  the  different  states  ot  the  Union 

In  his  concluding  paragraph  Dr.  Hurd  says : 
I  have  taken  the  liberty  to  embody  the  substance  of  thia 
paper  in  a  reaolution  which  I  now  offer  to  ascertain  the  win  of 

(106) 


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HBNRT  MILLS  HURO 


th«  MaoeUUon  in  th«  matter  (rf  tti*  pablleaUon  of  th«  book.  I 
■haU  bo  Torr  glad  to  haTo  it  modlflod,  rovlsod,  or  In  aar  way 
ehanf«d  m  aa  to  brine  out  more  oomplotalr  the  wlihoa  of  tho 
aaaodaUon  in  this  mattor.  I  am  not  woddad  to  anr  thaory  of 
publioaUon,  or  any  form  of  work.  I  am  aaxlouf  that  tha  work  |o 
on  with  aa  maeh  rapidity  aa  poaalUa.  It  is  eqaally  important. 
howoTor.  that  tho  work  bo  dooo  thoron^ly,  ao  that  in  futara  all 
may  know  who  in  the  paat  eontrlb'Ued  to  the  aaooeaa  of  an  iu- 
portant  philanthropic  achieranent. 

Volumes  I,  II  and  III  of  this  stupendoiu  work  appeared 
from  The  Johns  Hopking  Prew  in  1916  and  Volume  IV  m 
1917.    These  four  volumes  contain  in  all  2926  pages. 

A  glance  at  the  preface  to  Volume  I  gives  the  reader  a  clear 
idea  of  the  tremendous  amount  of  labor  entailed  in  the  prepa- 
ration of  these  volumes.  After  taking  up  nearly  three  pages  of 
the  preface  in  thanking  ^.-uious  men  for  their  cordial  coopera- 
tion in  furnishing  data  the  editor  says : 

The  obllcatlons  of  the  committee  to  the  Individual  superin- 
tendents of  nearly  200  InstituUons  in  the  United  State*  and 
Canada  are  very  great;  in  fact,  without  their  cofiperation  It  would 
Itave  been  impracticable  to  prepare  any  adequate  hUtory  of  the 
movements  «n  the  various  states  and  provinces. 

It  is  evident  from  a  careful  study  of  all  the  material  which 
has  oome  into  the  hands  of  the  cnnmittee  that  a  gradual  evolu- 
tion has  occurred  In  the  care  of  the  Insane  in  America  during 
the  past  half-century,  which  bids  fair  to  change  materiaUy  the 
discouraging  views  as  to  the  htvelessness  of  their  cure  which 
have  prevailed  for  many  year-  in  the  United  SUtee  and  Canada. 

The  movement  towards  the  promyt  treatment  of  curable  casea 
without  the  formality  of  legal  CM^mltment  and  under  the  same 
CMditlons  as  in  admission  to  a  bfrplta!  for  general  bodily  disease, 
gives  every  hope  that  at  an  etiiiy  day  case*  of  recmt  attack  may 
be  received  everywhere  promptly,  and  that  greatly  increased 
numbers  can  be  cured.  Cases  of  a  chronic  nature  are  also  now 
much  more  satisfact(n11y  dealt  with  In  insUtaUana  on  the  eo^ 

(iOS) 


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BOOM  WRITTEN  BY  PR.  HURD 

tag*  pUB.  with  ootpljrlat  oolonlM  tor  Um  •mplonnwt  of  pAtlmta. 
•Bd  taAT*  •  ooiTMpoadtafly  b«W«  oroortimltr  to  attalB  Mlf- 
rapport  Th«M  moTMBMiU  promUM  to  nuko  matwUl  dtaatM 
la  tBtoro  mothods  of  ewlBS  for  tho  Iiimbo. 

Volmno  I U  hi«toricd  in  chMMter.  It  gires  a  dew  account 
of  the  Awodation  of  Medical  Svperintendenta  of  American 
iMtitutioni  for  the  Irsane  from  1844  to  1898  and  of  the 
American  Medico-Peychological  Aaaodation  from  1898  to 
1918.  It  then  deecribes  what  the  Am«riean  Journal  of  Inr 
Manity  hat  accomplished.  Volume  I  wae  written  by  Dr.  Hurd 
and  the  reader  can  beet  obtain  an  idea  of  ♦'  'nj'.e  range  of 
•ubj«x:ti  considered  in  thia  volume  by  glan*^  ••  .ug^  ite  liata 
of  contents: 
nonoir  Chawb  I  pasb 

I.  IntrodnetloD • 

II.    The  AasoclatloB  ct  Medical  Soperlntendrata  of  Amorl* 

can  Inatltatlona  for  tbo  InaaB*.  1844-1898 U 

III.  Tbo  American  Madloo^Paycfaolodcal  AsaoeUtlon. 

189M91S  ** 

IV.  Th*  American  Joomal  of  Insanity '• 

CHimn  II 

I     BarlT  and  Colonial  Care  of  the  Inaane 81 

I\ .    Th*  Bra  erf  Awakening •• 

CKAvna  III 
L    Dwothoa  Lyndo  Dlx  and  Her  Work  IW 

CHAvm  IV 
I.    BrdnUon  of  Institutional  Car*  In  th*  United  States. .  18f 

II.  Coonty  Car*  of  th*  Inaan* 1** 

IIL    Chronic  and  InenraU*  Insan* IW 

IV.    Th*  Colony  Systsm **• 

V.    Btat*  Car*  *•• 

VL    Th*  WlaoMisln  Systnn  of  Coonty  Car* !•• 

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I' 


HENRT  HILLS  HI7RD 


BBCTI05  Chawm  V  y^^ 

L  Brolntion  of  the  Adminiitration  of  HosplUls 179 

IL  PreMDt  OoTvmment  of  Initltutlons  for  th«  Inaane 18S 

III.  M«thodt  of  InTwtlcatlon  of  Public  Iiutltntlona 196 

IV.  Otrelopmnit  of  HoaplUl  Architecture 904 

Chattb  YI 

I.    The  ProposltlODi J17 

II.    Reforms  In  Caring  for  the  Insane 228 

III.  Medical  Treatment  of  the  Insane 230 

IV.  N(»i-Medlcal  Treatment  of  the  Insane 284 

V.    Employment  for  the  Insane 842 

VI.    Asylom  Periodicals  260 

VII.    IndlTldoal  Treatment 264 

Vin.    Experimental  Removals   260 

IX.    Origin  of  the  Psychopathic  Hospital  In  the  United 

States 268 

X    State  Psychopathic  Hospital  at  the  UnlTCrslty  of 

Michigan 266 

XI.    Bostmi  Psychooathlc  Hospital  276 

XII.    Research  Work  In  Hospitals  281 

CHAPm  VII 

!.    Training  Schools  for  Norses  and  the  First  School  In 

McLean  Hospital  289 

II.    First  Training  Scho<ri  for  Attmdants  at  the  Bnflaio 

State  Hospital  ( Asylam) .  1888-1886 801 

Chaptcb  VIII 
I.    Private  Care  of  the  Insane 818 

CHArm  IX 

I.    Growth  of  the  Law  ol  Insanity  821 

II.    Commitment  of  the  Insane jsi 

III.  Conditions  of  Discharge  888 

IV.  Admission  ci  Volontary  Patloits 844 

V.  Care  of  the  Criminal  Insane 848 

(108) 


_5^«^ii »»*»-«*•»»•»».'».  *»«  ,.»(»»»■«  *■»*».«  «»,._j»„... 


yUg 


BO0K8  WRirJKN  BY  DR.  HPRP 

CHArnB  X 

uonoir  

I.    immlfnitloii  Mid  the  Care  of  the  iMMie 866 

II.  The  Allen-Born  in  RrtaUon  to  the  Coet  of  Btete  Cere. .  Mt 

CHArm  XI 

I.  Insanltr  unong  the  Necroee t^l 

II.  Ineaalty  among  the  North  American  Indiana ttl 

III.  Insanity  among  Indiana  In  Soath  Dakota SM 

r. .  The  Chlneae  and  Japanese  Inaane  In  the  United 

States ••• 

CHAraa  XII 

I.    insUtnUonal  PovnlAtlon ••• 

IL    CeasQS  of  the  Insane **J 

III.  Feeble-Minded  In  Instltatlons  "* 

CHima  XIII 
I.    Laws  for  the  Commitment  of  the  Insane  In  CJanada. . .  417 
IL    Care  <rf  the  Insane  In  Canada  Prerloos  to  the  Bstab- 

llihment  of  Provlndal  Institatlons **« 

III.  lBrtaM^'>^T»«"**^  of  ProTlndal  Inrtltntlons  464 

vr.    System  of  Care  In  the  Prtrrlnoee  <rf  Canada,  and  Got- 

▼emmmt  and  Infection  of  ProTlndallnstltatloiis.  46« 

V.    The  CWtraet  System  In  the  Protlnoe  of  Qaebee 467 

VL    Immigration  and  the  Care  of  the  Insane  In  Canada....  471 

VII.    CCBsna  ot  the  Insane  In  Canada  47S 

yilL   The  Chlneae  and  Japanese  la  InsUtatlons  In  British 

ColvmMa  between  the  Tears  1871  and  ItU 480 

IX    Dwothea  L.  Dlz  and  Canadian  Instltatlons 411 

Voltunea  11  and  III  and  part  of  Voltime  IV  are  deyoted  to  a 
detailed  description  of  the  institutioM  for  the  care  of  the 
insane  in  the  United  States  and  Canada.  Volmne  III  also 
includes  the  institutions  in  Hawaii  and  in  the  Philippinfls. 
Pictures  of  many  of  the  institutions  are  giwn  and  often  plans 
of  the  buildings  accompany  them.  In  each  article  is  a  detailed 

(lot) 


m. 


Htfi 


HBNRT  MILLS  HURD 


I-    '^  I 


m 


•f'li' 


In 


list  of  the  medical  personnel  of  the  institation  from  its  begin- 
ning to  the  time  the  volmne  appeared,  so  that  the  previoiu 
activities  of  any  man  who  has  devoted  his  life  to  psychiatry 
can  be  readily  followed. 

The  latter  half  of  Volume  IV  is  devoted  to  biographies  of 
prominent  psychiatrists  in  the  United  States  and  Canada. 

The  picture  in  Volmne  I  that  will  interest  Baltimoreans 
most  is  that  of  the  Maryland  Hospital  for  the  Insane  as  it 
appeared  in  1832.  It  faces  on  the  old  Joppa  Boad  and  in  the 
backgromid  is  the  present  Church  Home  and  Infirmary,  then 
the  Washington  Medical  School.  The  site  ^1  the  Old  Mary- 
land Hospital  for  the  Insane  is,  as  has  been  mentioned  else- 
where, now  occupied  by  The  Johns  Hopkins  Hospital. 

In  Volume  II  is  a  splendid  plate  of  the  Sheppard  and  Enoch 
Pratt  Hospital  The  frontispiece  of  Volume  IV  is  a  repro- 
duction of  a  portrait  of  Miss  Dorothea  L.  Dix,  to  whose  pioneer 
labors  American  psychiatry  owes  so  much. 

These  volumes  have  brought  forth  much  praise.  Sdenee 
for  July  28, 1916,  in  reviewing  Volume  I,  which  was  written 
in  its  entire^  by  Dr.  Hurd,  says : 

This  is  one  of  the  few  works  in  the  English  langoace  in  which 
the  history  of  a  separate  branch  ot  medldne  haa  been  exhaus- 
tively treated The  present  volam^  although  it  pnrfeeses 

to  deal  only  with  the  general  history  of  instltational  care  ot 
the  insane  on  this  continent,  is,  in  reality,  an  exhaostive  history 
of  American  psychiatry  in  all  its  phases,  and  is  therefore  likely 
to  remain  the  aathoritative  work  on  the  snbjeet  for  an  indeflnita 
period.  .... 

Dr.  Hard  modestly  regards  this  wQi>k  as  a  souree-book  for  the 
historians  of  the  fotore  bat  It  is  ondeabtedly  a  permanent  hla> 
tory  wbieb  may  be  extaoded,  bat  will  hardly  be  dnplieatad.  The 
chapters  are  eompleto  la  thamselvee.  the  book  Is  well  Ulustrated. 

(110) 


IM 


miS^ 


BOOKS  WRITTEN  BY  DR.  HURD 


and  the  style  1b  charming  In  its  slmpUeltr,  sobriety  and  Its  traces 
of  delicate  humor. 

The  American  Jowmal  of  Jrucmity  for  October,  1916,  in  the 
course  of  the  review  of  Volumes  I  and  II,  says : 

Too  much  praise  cannot  be  given  to  the  manner  In  which  the 
task  Imposed  upon  this  Editorial  Committee  has  been  carried 
out.  and  as  wie  of  the  members  of  the  committee.  Dr.  Burgess, 
said  at  the  meeting  In  New  Orleans  in  April  last,  while  all  the 
eommiUee  have  tried  to  help,  the  harden  of  the  work  has  been 
on  Dr.  Hard's  shoalders. 

The  Nation  on  February  8, 1917,  says: 

No  sarvey  of  the  treatment  of  American  insane  daring  the 
last  two  centuries  has  before  appeared;  it  is  pleasant  to  find  the 
difficult  task  so  well  executed  as  in  this  volume. 

The  British  Medical  Jowmal  for  December  8,  1917,  in 
referring  to  the  four  volumes  said : 

Dr.  Hurd  is  to  be  congratulated  upon  the  success  with  which 
he  has  carried  out  the  collection  and  colllgaticm  of  the  numerous 
interesting  records  contained  in  these  volumes.  Naturally  they 
will  appeal  most  strongly  to  readers  across  the  Atlantic;  but 
in  their  record  and  analysis  of  suooess  and  failure  in  attacking 
a  problem  of  great  importance  in  all  dvillied  oommunltie*— 
namely,  the  care  of  the  insane— they  should  find  many  readers 
tbroughoat  the  world. 

in  another  foreign  review  we  find  the  following  tribute: 

This  monumental  work.  is.  in  the  main,  the  product  of  the 
veteran  Dr.  Hard,  emeritus  professor  of  psychiatry  in  The  Johns 
Hopkins  University,  and  formerly  medical  superintendent  of  the 
Pontiae  State  Hospital,  who  is  well  known  on  this  side  of  the 
Atlantic  as  the  most  distinguished  of  American  alienists.  Dr.  Hard 
has  retired  from  active  praetiee,  but  his  abundant  enwgy  would 
not  auffer  him  to  be  idle,  and  he  has  employed  his  leisure  wisely 
and  weU  in  predudng  this  great  work,  which  will  be  a  dassie 
from  the  day  of  poblloatioD. 

(Ill) 


imStl^ 


mm 


SiSS 


li 


HEa«mT  MILLS  HURO 


It  must  be  remembered  that  during  the  immense  amoimt  of 
labor  entailed  in  the  preparation  of  these  voliunes  Dr.  Hurd 
had  been  greatly  troubled  with  his  eyes  and  it  was  only  his 
indomitable  will  that  continually  spurred  him  on  to  the  com- 
pletion of  these  labors  that  were  a  fitting  climax  to  his  many 
successful  years  of  hospital  directorship. 


(118) 


i  i     i 


BUMMART 


Chapteb  XIII 
SUMMARY 

Dr.  Htird  in  addition  to  hia  other  editorial  duties  has  been 
one  of  the  editors  of  the  American  Journal  of  Insanity  since 
1897  and  of  the  Modem  HospUd  since  1918. 

He  is  a  member  of  the  Association  of  American  Physicians ; 
of  the  American  Academy  of  Medicine,  and  was  its  president 
in  1896 ;  of  the  American  Medico-Psychological  Association, 
of  this  he  was  secretary  from  1892  to  1897  and  president  in 
1898-9,  he  also  edited  three  volumes  of  its  proceedings;  of  the 
American  Anthropological  Association;  of  the  American  Hos- 
pital Association  and  its  president  in  1912.  He  is  also  a  mem- 
ber of  the  American  Public  Health  Association. 

In  1896  Dr.  Hurd  was  given  the  degree  of  LL.  D.  by  hi« 
alma  mater,  the  University  of  Michigan. 

On  September  16, 1874,  Dr.  Hurd  married  Miss  Mary  Doo- 
Uttle,  of  Utica,  N.  Y.  They  had  three  children,  a  son  and  two 
daughters.   The  son  died  in  o'  idhood. 

Mrs.  Hurd  was  always  greatly  interested  in  her  husband's 
labors  and  ever  manifested  the  same  cordial  relati<m  to  the 
hospital  interns  and  to  the  senior  staff  that  Dr.  Hurd  did.  A 
year  or  two  after  they  left  the  hospital  Mrs.  Hurd*s  health 
began  to  fail  and  her  death  on  March  14, 1913,  was  keenly  felt 
by  the  host  of  friends  of  the  family. 

Miss  Eleanor  and  Miss  Anna  Hurd  are  the  constant  com- 
panions of  their  father  and  it  is  a  delight  to  see  the  manner 

fi  (118) 


iiiCiaiKMSfiaii 


tSSESi 


iMta 


■■■i 


HBINRT  MILL43  HURD 


R'  r 


in  which  they  watch  over  his  wdfare  and  literally  force  him 
to  conserve  his  unbovmded  energy. 

Dr.  Eurd  is  a  Presbyterian.  He  has  shown  the  same  fidelity 
to  his  church  that  he  has  ever  manifested  in  his  professional 
duties. 

From  the  preceding  pages  of  this  article  the  reader  will  3ee 
from  what  an  intellectually  sturdy  stock  he  came  and  few  men 
have  had  such  a  long  medical  ancestry.  Step  by  step  he  rose 
until  he  was  not  only  the  first  superintendent  of  a  large  asylum 
in  Michigan,  but  also  a  dominant  figure  in  that  commonwealth. 
His  fame  as  an  administrator  was  not  confined  to  his  own 
localily,  but  was  widely  known.  It  was  for  this  reason  that  he 
was  later  called  to  Baltimore. 

All  through  his  career  he  has  been  a  thoroughly  consistent 
and  industrious  psychiatrist  He  has  published  many  valu- 
able papers  dealing  with  the  study  and  treatment  of  the  insane, 
has  for  years  been  one  of  the  editors  of  the  AtMrican  Journal 
of  Insanity  and  less  than  three  years  ago  edited  a  monumental 
work  of  four  volumes  on  "  The  Institutional  Care  of  the  Insane 
in  the  United  States  and  Canada."  As  mentioned  before  he 
wrote  Volume  I  and  edited  Volumes  II,  III  and  IV. 

For  years  he  has  been  a  most  valuable  member  of  the  Mary- 
land State  Lunacy  Commission.  A  foreign  journal  speaks  of 
Dr.  Hurd  as  "  The  mest  distinguished  of  American  alienists." 
It  is  clearly  evident  that  in  psychiatry  he  has  reached  the  top 
rung  of  the  ladder. 

The  trustees  of  The  Johns  Hopkins  Hospital  manifested 
rare  discernment  when  they  selected  Dr.  Hurd  to  become  the 
first  superintendent  of  the  hospital  It  fairly  blossomed  under 
his  wise  generalship  until  its  fame  spread  far  beyond  the  oon- 

{114) 


[I 


SUMMARY 

fines  of  this  continent— until  it  was  known  in  every  dvilized 

land. 

The  Johns  Hopkins  Hospital  Bulletin  and  the  Hoa- 
pitdl  Reports  under  his  able  editorship  added  greatly  to  the 
prestige  of  the  institution.  As  an  expert  in  hospital  organi- 
zation and  in  hospital  management  he  is  recognized  as  the 
leader  in  America.  His  advice  in  hospital  and  nursing  prob- 
lems is  continually  sought.  His  is  invariably  the  final  word 
on  these  subjects. 

His  writings  on  hospital  organization,  hospital  manage- 
ment, medical  education  and  nursing  are  numerous  and  most 
valuable  and  he  has  ever  aimed  to  publish  historical  records  in 
order  that  they  may  not  be  lost— in  order  that  they  may  be 
preserved  for  future  generations.  Whatever  he  has  undertaken 
he  has  finished. 

A  prominent  publisher  who  has  come  in  contact  with  him 
nearly  every  week  for  at  least  25  years  said  to  me  recently 
"  Dr.  Hurd  is  the  most  practical  and  business-like  physician 
that  I  have  ever  met  »*— and  he  meets  an  unusually  large  num- 
ber. It  is  undoubtedly  this  practical  bait,  coupled  with  rare 
discernment,  a  broad  knowledge  of  men  and  a  wide  knowledge 
of  psychiatry  and  medicine  that  has  enabled  him  to  accomplish 
so  much  apparentiy  with  so  little  effort. 

From  time  to  time  brilliant  statesmen  advanced  in  years 
have  been  spoken  of  as  **  grand  old  men."  Dr.  Hurd  is  the 
grand  old  hospital  stateraaan  of  America.  Early  in  his  career 
he  wanted  to  become  a  surgeon  in  the  navy,  but  was  disqualified 
on  account  of  his  frail  physical  make-up.  He  would  have 
undoubtedly  made  his  mark  in  government  service,  but  what 
a  loss  the  asylums  and  hospitals  of  this  country  would  have 
sustained,  and  how  much  psychiatry  and  the  profession  of 

(116) 


i  !] 


MMMMHM 


HBNRT  MILLS  HTTRD 


%: 


medicine  in  general  would  have  missed  had  he  successfully 
pcssed  the  physical  requirements  for  the  navy  I 

His  has  been  a  life  well  spent — a  life  full  of  labor  for  his 
fellow  man.  In  a  memorial  tribute  to  the  late  Dr.  William 
Whitney  (jk)dding,  Dr.  Hurd  unconsciously  gave  a  most  vivid 
description  of  himself.  "  You  felt  instinctively  that  you  had 
to  do  with  one  who  knew  no  guile  or  self-seeking,  but  who 
appreciated  it  to  be  his  duty  to  place  his  powers  of  mind  and 
heart  unreservedly  at  the  disposal  of  his  associates  or  his 
fellow  men."  But  Dr.  Hurd  is  not  gone,  he  is  still  with  us, 
actively  engaged  in  writing  the  history  of  The  Johns  Hopkins 
Hospital.  That  he  may  long  be  spared  to  browse  in  the 
Henry  M.  Hard  Library,  which  my  friend  George  K.  McGaw 
is  building  as  a  mark  of  appreciation  and  esteem  to  our  mutual 
friend,  the  first  superintendent  of  The  Johns  Hopkins  Hos- 
pital, is  our  earnest  prayer. 


M-l 


um 


wmi^ 


am 


OBOROB  KBBN  MoOAW 


Chaptbb  XIV 
THE  LATE  GEOBOE  KEEN  MoGAW 

For  MTeral  monthi  Mr.  HcGftw  had  been  failing  in  health, 
and  in  June  he  venc  to  hii  rammer  home  at  Buena  Vista. 
The  erection  of  the  Henry  M.  Hurd  Library  waa  uppermost 
in  his  mind,  and  the  last  thing  he  did  on  the  morning  he  left 
for  the  mountains  was  to  turn  over  to  Judge  Harlan  addi- 
tional funds  for  the  building.  He  was  particularly  anxious 
that  Dr.  Hurd  should  not  only  see,  but  also  haye  the  oppor- 
tunity of  often  enjoying  the  library  bearing  his  nsme.  My 
account  of  Dr.  Hurd's  manifold  activities  was  accordingly 
promptly  undertakon  and  as  soon  as  it  was  completed,  early 
in  July,  Judge  Harlan  and  I  spent  a  delightfiil  day  with 
Mr.  McOaw  and  his  family  in  the  mountains.  For  fully  two 
hours  Mr.  McGaw  listened  with  great  interest  to  the  rwdtal 
of  the  many  things  his  friend  had  accomplished  and  again 
ezpreissed  himself  as  so  happy  that  the  library  plans  were  well 
under  way.  That  was  the  kst  time  I  saw  that  whole-souled 
and  true  friecd.  He  had  a  fairly  comfortable  summer.  He 
died  raddenly  on  the  morning  of  September  9, 1919. 

Dr.  Hurd  and  Mr.  McGaw  had  known  <Hie  another  for  many 
years,  as  they  both  were  prominent  members  of  the  ]Rrst  Pres- 
byterian Church  and  Mr.  McGaw  was  also  one  of  the  Trustees 
of  The  Johns  Hopkins  HospitaL 

In  March,  1911,  Mr.  McGaw  suggested  a  trip  South  and  a 
few  days  later  Dr.  Hurd,  Mr.  McGaw  and  myself  left  for  an 
extended   trip,    visiting    Pinehurst,    Columbia,    Savannah 

(IIT) 


HENRY  MILLS  MURD 


C  "^ 
~  I'* 

If-.'*  . 


JackBODTille,  Knights  Key,  Havans,  Key  West  und  Miami. 
It  was  on  this  trip  that  the  lasting  and  intimate  companion- 
ship and  friendship  was  cemented  between  these  two  splendid 
men,  and  since  that  time  they  have  been  together  week  in  and 
week  out.  It  was  this  close  companionship  that  revealed  to 
Mr.  McGaw  Dr.  Hurd's  wonderful  breadth  of  character,  and 
that  prompted  him  to  plan  this  tribute  to  his  friend — a  tribute 
that  will  not  only  be  a  constant  reminder  of  the  first  superin- 
tendent of  The  Johns  Hopkins  Hospital,  but  that  will  also  be 
of  inestimable  value  to  the  succeeding  generations  of  students 
in  The  Johns  Hopkins  Medical  School. 

Dr.  Hurd's  estimate  of  his  departed  friend  rings  so  true 
and  is  so  beautifully  expressed  in  a  recent  letter  to  me  that  I 
cannot  help  reproducing  it  here. 

Sbal  Hajbbob,  Mb.,  Sept.  13, 1919. 
Dbab  CuLLBy :  Many  thanks  for  your  telegrams  and  your 
thoughtfulness  in  sending  them.  I  have  been  greatly  shocked 
by  the  unexpected  death  of  the  best  of  friends  and  I  know  of 
no  one  who  may  occupy  the  vacant  place  in  just  the  same  way. 
He  was  so  noble  in  his  plans  and  modest  in  carrjring  them  out, 
80  that  his  own  work  might  be  minimized.  I  always  felt  him 
to  be  a  rare  man.  We  all  of  us  ought  to  be  better  men  for 
having  known  him.  I  have  written  to  Mrs.  McOaw,  but  I  feel 
that  I  could  not  in  any  way  tell  her  properly  how  much  I  loved 
him 

Sincerely, 

Henbt  M.  Hubd. 


(118) 


II. 

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80M1I  RAt/DOIC  RBC0LLBCTI0N8 


CHAPm  XV 

SOME  BANDOM  RECOLLECTIONS  • 
HxwiT  M.  Hdbd 


I  WM  bom  in  Union  City,  Bnmch  County,  Mich.,  May  3, 
1843.  My  father  wm  Dr.  Theodore  Ctnfield  Hurd,  a  phyri- 
cian,  a  graduate  of  the  Tale  Medical  School.  He  came  from 
Connecticut  by  way  of  New  York  to  Michigan  about  the  year 
1836  and  settled  at  Burlington,  in  the  adjoining  county  of 
Calhoun,  where  he  had  a  farm  and  engaged  in  the  active 
p/actice  of  medicine.  My  mother  was  Eleanor  Eunice 
Hammond,  also  of  Connecticut  antecedents,  but  bom  in 
Chenango  County,  N.  Y.  Her  father,  Chester  Hamuond, 
was  a  student  at  Yale  College  for  two  years,  but  did  not 
graduate  because  of  ill  health.  Her  grandmother  was  Fannie 
Goodrich,  a  native  of  New  Havoi.  Both  grandfather  and 
grandmother  were  persons  of  unusual  religious  and  philan- 
thropic seal.  They  had  removed  from  New  York  to  Michigan 
about  1836  with  the  avowed  object  of  doing  something  in 
a  personal  way  to  establish  good  institutions  and  churches  in 

*  Some  or  Dr.  Hard's  friends  who  knew  that  a  abort  sketch  of 
his  manifold  actlvltlea  was  to  appear  were  partlcolarlr  anxious 
that  h«  shoold  publish  b  brief  account  of  his  earlr  Ufa.  Dr.  Hurd 
raluetanUy  oonsmted.  Ha  felt  that  this  was  too  personal  to  be 
published  In  the  hospital  Bulletin,  but  preferred  to  have  It  In- 
serted in  thla  smaU  volume. 

(IIS) 


?'H 


mi 


HENRY  MILLS  HURD 


the  infant  territory.  My  father  waa  a  man  of  rather  nnusnal 
energy  and  foresight,  with  excellent  bnainess  instinct  and 
great  love  of  his  profession  for  which  he  was  peculiarly  fit^?,  a 
by  reason  of  what  used  to  be  termed  his  "good  judgme  it." 
My  mother  was  active,  energetic,  with  a  keen  tongue  an  $j 
excellent  sense  of  humor.  During  the  first  two  years  of  r-y 
life  I  lived  on  the  farm  about  two  miles  from  Union  City, 
but  in  1845  the  failure  of  my  father's  health  caused  him  to 
remove  to  my  grandfather's  hous6  at  Union  Citj,  where  he 
died  in  December  of  the  same  year.  Although  I  was  but  two 
and  a  half  years  old,  I  have  a  distinct  recollection  of  being 
carried  downstairs  the  night  he  died,  and  I  can  never  forget 
the  sense  of  horror  which  I  had  at  the  time,  although  so  very 
young.  As  my  mother's  means  were  small,  in  1846  she 
determined  to  take  up  her  residence  alone  at  the  farm  with 
her  three  children  to  struggle  with  the  difiSculties  of  a  pioneer 
life.  There  was  little  money  in  the  country,  and  the  farms, 
although  very  productive,  found  little  sale  for  crops  which 
were  raised.  It  should  be  stated  that  in  this  region  the  slow 
process  of  clearing  land  was  not  necessary  as  there  were  large 
natural  prairies,  known  as  Burr  Oak  openings,  which  only 
required  to  be  broken  up  and  fenced  to  funlish  excellent 
farms. 

While  at  this  farm,  when  between  three  and  four  years  of 
age,  I  had  my  first  induction  into  school  life  and  regret  to 
say  that  my  failure  at  the  beginning  of  a  career  as  a  student 
was  ignominious.  I  remember  accompanying  an  older  brother 
to  the  schoolhouse,  about  half  a  mile  from  my  mother's  house, 
with  spelling  book  in  one  hand  and  small  basket  of  luncheon 
in  the  other.  When  I  reached  the  schoolhouse  I  was  filled  with 
shyness,  but  at  last  was  persuaded  to  enter  by  the  pretty  school- 

(lao) 


Theodore,  aged   9 

Charles,  "       4 

Henry,  "       6 

Union  City,  Mich.,  1849. 


Theodore,  aged  13 
Henry,  "     10 

Charles,  "  8 
Taken  about  1853. 
Union  City.  Mich. 

FAMILY  GROUPS. 


til       S    f 


#1' 


I 


I  I 

t     I 


■I     ? 

i 


:.  m 


m 


SOME  RANDOM  RECOLLECTIONS 


teacher  who  induced  me  to  do  so  by  promising  to  show  me  a 
little  pocket  penknife  which  she  had.  An  effort  was  made 
during  the  forenoon  to  interest  me  in  learning  my  letters  by 
the  aid  of  the  penknife  which  had  already  proved  so  attractive. 
I  felt,  however,  a  sudden  access  of  shyness  when  the  morning 
recess  was  announced,  and  I  flew  out  oi  the  schoolhouse  with 
my  basket  of  luncheon  and  started  for  home,  which  I  reached 
in  record  time,  and  not  waiting  to  enter  the  gate,  but  throwing 
the  basket  of  luncheon  over  the  fence,  I  clambered  over  and 
announced  to  my  astonished  mother  that  I  would  never  go  to 
that  school  any  more.  I  did  go,  however,  and  found  that  my 
shyness  had  disappeared,  and  I  enjoyed  the  schooling  as  much 
as  such  a  child  could. 

We  remained  on  the  farm  for  about  two  years  or  until  my 
mother  married  a  younger  brother  of  my  father,  who  was 
also  a  physician.  In  fact,  I  come  of  a  medical  family;  my 
father  and  his  two  brothers  were  physicians  and  quite  a 
number  of  cousins  and  uncles  belonged  to  the  same  profession, 
I  remember  with  great  distinctness  being  present  at  my 
mother's  wedding  and  of  the  sense  of  loneliness  which  came  to 
me  when  ehe  departed  on  her  wedding  tour.  During  my 
mother's  absence  we  lived  under  the  charge  of  a  Miss  Bobinson, 
who  was  one  of  the  women  then  known  as  "  Governor  Slade's 
schoolmarms,"  sent  out  by  Governor  Slade  of  Vermont  to 
improve  educational  conditions  in  the  West.  Governor  Slade 
believed  that  there  was  a  great  need  of  schoolteachers  and 
organized  a  movement  by  which  several  hundred  were  sent 
from  New  England  to  various  points  in  Michigan,  Ohio  and 
Indiana.  I  remember  having  a  great  admiration  for  Miss  Rob- 
inson, but  felt  that  in  the  matter  of  the  washing  of  hands  and 
face  and  the  combing  of  hair  she  was  altogether  too  strict   A 

(lai) 


?  I 


hi  \ 


^% 


HBNRT  MILLS  HURO 


few  months  later  we  removed  to  Union  City  and  occupied  a 
double  house  with  the  family  of  Elder  Bennett,  who  had  a 
large  family  and  was  a  very  earnest,  zealous  preacher.  He 
used  Biblical  phrases  frequently  and  instead  of  the  word 
"  hogs  "  he  always  said  "  swine,"  and  in  other  ways  also  was 
quite  professional  in  his  utterances.  The  next  year  my  step- 
father built  a  new  house  and  we  moved  there.  It  was  a  pre- 
tentious affair  with  large  wooden  Corinthian  columns  on 
the  front,  an  orchard  with  plenty  of  peach  trees  and  a  small 
farm  of  80  acres  adjoining. 

My  stepfather  was  warmly  interested  in  everything  which 
concerned  the  education  and  development  of  his  three  step- 
children. No  man  could  have  been  kinder  or  more  thoughtful 
for  our  welfare.  As  he  was  engaged  in  the  active  practice  of 
medicine  he  always  owned  fine  horses  and  drove  them  very  rap- 
idly, 60  that  I  considered  it  a  great  privilege  to  go  with  him  on 
his  rounds,  although  I  often  thought  that  his  calls  were  much 
too  long  for  the  comfort  of  a  restless,  active  boy  who  sat  wait- 
ing at  the  gate.  The  prevailing  disease  in  the  whole  region  was 
malaria,  and  at  times  almost  every  person  was  ill  with  it.  I 
remember  that  my  father  would  return  from  his  morning 
rounds  lying  deathly  sick  in  his  carriage  which  was  driven  by 
some  volunteer.  He  not  infrequently  reached  home  to  find 
my  mother  ill  with  ague  and  my  brothers  also.  Most  of  them 
had  a  daily  chill.  I  recall  with  great  chagrin  that  I  had  a  chill 
every  second  day,  but  was  so  reasonably  comfortable  on  the 
alternate  days  that  I  was  not  an  object  of  interest  to  the  family 
or  to  the  neighbors.  Servants  could  not  be  got  or  if  they  came 
they  generally  remained  only  long  enough  to  bake  a  batch  of 
bread,  and  would  then  be  sent  for  to  come  and  take  care  of 
their  own  homes.    I  remember  on  several  occasions  being  sent 


(122) 


BOBIB  RANDOM  RECOLLECTIONS 


to  the  neighbors  to  get  food  cooked  or  to  secure  necessary  sup- 
plies for  the  members  of  the  family  who  were  too  ill  to  go.  In 
the  following  year  there  was  a  severe  epidemic  of  dysenteiy 
which  prevLiled  through  that  whole  region  and  of  which  many 
persons  died.  The  diseases  which  prevailed  were:  undoubtedly 
due  to  the  atill  uncleared  land,  the  remaining  swamns  and  the 
ravages  of  mosquitoes.  By  the  time  that  we  re.  oved  from 
Union  City  to  Illinois  in  the  autumn  of  1854  so  many  improve- 
ments had  been  made  that  the  region  had  become  fairly 
healthy  and  has  continued  so  ever  since. 

The  town  of  Union  City  was  at  the  junction  of  the  Cold 
Water  and  St.  Joseph  rivers.  It  had  been  developed  by  a 
company  whose  headquarters  were  in  New  York,  largely  be- 
cause of  deposits  of  bog  iron  ore  in  the  vicinity  and  the  mis- 
taken notion  that  it  was  at  the  head  of  navigation  on  the  St. 
Joseph  River,  which  flowed  by  a  circuitous  course  west  into 
Lake  Michigan.  The  futility  of  the  St.  Joseph  River  route 
was  soon  apparent  when  a  steamboat  was  built  at  Union 
City  to  inaugurate  the  traffic.  It  ran  into  a  hidden  V"  aad 
was  sunk  very  early  on  its  first  trip.  The  clearing  up  ui  the 
coimtry,  the  draining  of  the  marshes  and  the  cultivation  of  the 
soil  diminished  the  rainfall  so  much  that  no  attempt  wab  ever 
made  afterwards  to  utilize  the  river  as  a  means  of  transporta- 
tion. My  Grandfather  Hammond  had  come  to  this  region 
because  he  felt  it  important  that  it  should  be  a  Christian  com- 
munity and  in  company  with  another  good  man  established 
a  congregation  and  built  a  church  edifice  on  the  bank  of  the 
St.  Joseph  River.  As  there  was  little  money,  the  church  was 
erected  by  donations  of  lumber  and  stores  and  by  the  voluntary 
labor  of  those  who  were  interested  in  the  project.  My  grand- 
father used  to  say  that  in  the  building  of  the  church  the 

(123) 


HBNRT  MILLS  HURD 


■x.  »    I 


ff-i^ 


■i 


'■I.  I 


i 

» 

i 

1 

K 
i 

1 

f 

1 

.; 

' 

j; 

i 

J- 

-' 

■— ,■ 

'}           I 

i 

t' 

^  1 

amount  of  actual  money  expended  was  but  $80,  all  the  rest 
being  donated  in  service  and  in  labor.  The  church  was  pro- 
vided with  a  bell  which  summoned  worshipers  from  the  town 
and  surrounding  farms.  It  used  to  be  said,  however,  that  the 
rattling  of  the  iron  step  on  my  grandfather's  buggy  was  always 
regarded  as  a  signal  that  the  time  to  go  to  church  had  arrived. 
The  atmosphere  of  the  town  was  eminently  good,  and  I  re- 
member distinctly  that  as  a  child  I  attended  the  morning 
service,  Sunday  school  between  services,  the  afternoon  service 
and  what  was  knovm  as  "  five  o'clock  meeting,"  the  latter 
being  usually  a  prayer  meeting  or  a  missionary  service. 

Sunday  was  kept  very  strict'y  and  little  in  the  way  of  out- 
side recreation  was  permitted.  I  once  was  sternly  reproved  for 
splitting  kindling  wood  one  Sunday  afternoon  for  the  next 
day's  fire.  We  all  went  to  Sunday  school  and  recited  verses 
and  received  much  religious  instruction  from  those  who  taught 
our  classes.  I  remember  that  my  teacher,  a  maiden  lady  of 
mature  years,  used  to  talk  to  me  in  a  solemn  way  not  only  in 
the  class,  but  generally  for  an  hour  or  so  every  week  in  her 
own  home  to  which  I  was  invited.  The  superintendent  of  the 
Sunday  school  was  an  excellent  gentleman  who  devoted  much 
time  to  his  duties.  He  had  an  unfortunate  habit  of  weeping 
when  addressing  the  children,  and  I  was  much  impressed  by 
the  remark  of  a  fellow  scholar  that  "  Colonel  Moeely  must 
carry  an  onion  about  in  his  handkerchief  to  be  able  to  secure 
tears  on  such  short  notice."  The  pulpit  was  at  the  front  of 
the  church  and  the  choir  was  in  the  raised  singing  seats  in  the 
rear.  During  the  singing  we  always  rose  and  faced  about  so 
as  to  see  who  did  the  singing  and  to  judge  how  well  it  was  done. 
I  do  not  think  that  I  got  very  much  out  of  the  sermon  because 

(124) 


Henry  M.  Hurd 
in  1863,  aged  20. 
Ann  Arbor.  Midi. 


!  -^i  -'^j.  .uMpf  I  •'"'yp^'^gg^  = 


Henry  M.  Hurd 

in  1868,  aged  25. 

Ralesbnrg.  111. 


Hi 


IK 


sjg^M/^jjj^M^ssMms 


iaMteiaiittai 


w 

FT 

i1 

' 

H>t  i      • 

. 

S    1 

1 1 


r*  t 


BOMB  RANDOM  RBC0LUDCTI0N8 


unully  when  it  begu  I  went  aonndly  to  ileep  and  remained 
■o  until  the  end  of  the  aerrice. 

We  went  to  echool  et  flnt  at  what  was  known  as  a  "  select 
school "  kept  first  bj  Miss  Bobinstm,  whom  I  have  mentioned, 
and  later  by  Miss  Sargent  Both  were  excellent  teachers  and 
we  were  very  fortunate  in  being  under  their  tuition.  Later, 
after  Miss  Robinson  had  returned  to  Vermont  and  Miss 
Sargent  had  married,  I  was  sent  to  what  was  known  as  "  the 
district  school  **  on  the  river  bank,  where  we  had  very  poor 
teachers. 

II 

As  my  parents  were  froji  the  firat  very  anxious  that  the  boys 
of  the  ^imily  should  have  a  college  education,  they  removed  in 
1854  to  Qalesburg,  111.,  a  town  about  170  miles  southwest  of 
Chicago,  in  a  beautiful  prairie  country.  This  town  was  the 
Beat  of  Knox  CoU^e,  which  had  been  founded  in  1837  by  men 
who  had  emigrated  to  this  then  remote  r^on  from  Oneida 
County,  N.  Y.  The  project  was  originated  by  a  company  of 
settiers  headed  by  the  Bev.  Dr.  Gde  from  whom  the  town 
received  its  name.  Most  of  than  made  the  journey  in  wagons 
to  Pittsburg,  thence  down  the  Ohio  Biver  by  steamer  to  Cairo, 
thence  by  steamer  up  the  Mississippi  Biver  to  the  mouth  of  the 
Illinois  Biver,  thence  by  a  barge  to  Peoria,  about  60  miles  from 
Galesburg,  and  finally  by  wagons  to  the  site  of  the  new  town. 
The  journey  consumed  several  weeks  and  there  were  many 
hardships  l^  reason  of  low  water,  difficultiea  of  navigation 
and  the  condition  of  the  boat  which  made  the  ascent  of  the 
Illinois  Biver — ^this  boat  being  a  stem-wheeler  and  its  motor 
power  supplied  by  the  horses  of  the  emigrants.  When  the 
emigrants  reached  Galesburg,  they  made  thdr  first  settlement 

(US) 


HBNRT  MILLS  HX7RD 


Hi' 


'J.. 


If 


1 1 


in  Henderson  Grove,  a  belt  of  timber  about  seven  miles  away 
from  the  site  of  the  future  town.    Here  they  built  log  houses 
and  passed  the  first  winter.    Meantime  they  w«re  laying  out 
a  site  for  the  new  town,  which  contained  a  liberal  space  for  a 
school,  an  academy  and  a  church.    A  stringent  prohibition 
clause  was  inserted  in  all  deeds  of  land  forbidding  the  sale  of 
intoxicating  liquors  on  the  premises,  and  providing  a  penalty 
of  confiscation  of  the  bnd  if  this  rule  was  broken.    In  the  plat 
of  the  new  village  every  other  lot  was  set  aside  to  be  sold  to 
create  a  fund  for  the  establishment  of  the  new  college.    An 
academy  was  first  started  and  afterwards  a  college,  which  in 
1854  was  in  successful  operation  and  had  already  graduated 
a  number  of  students.    We  reached  Qalesburg,  by  raUroad 
from  Chicago  to  Altona  and  thence  20  miles  by  stage,  about 
midnight  November  25,  1854.    The  railroad  known  as  the 
Central  Military  Tract  Boad  was  extended  to  Galesburg  in 
the  following  January;  the  Peoria  and  Oquawka  Boad  was 
completed  from  Burlington  a  few  months  later  and  another 
branch  was  soon  built  from  Galesburg  to  Quincy,  being  known 
as  the  Northern  Cross  Bailroad.    These  lines  when  consoli- 
dated were  known  as  the  Chicago,  Burlington  and  Quincy 
Bailway,  which  afterwards  had  a  very  prosperous  career.    We 
took  possession  of  our  new  house  almost  immediately  and  lived 
there  for  the  next  11  years.    The  town  had  all  the  features  of 
a  pioneer  town  as  far  as  comforts  of  living  were  omcemed. 
The  streets  were  unpaved  and  there  were  no  sidewalks.    The 
roadway  ran  through  a  black  loam  soil  of  unexampled  depth 
and  fertUity  which  in  the  winter  season  rendered  the  streets 
almost  impassable.    I  have  known  a  wagon  drawn  by  two 
sturdy  horses  to  stick  in  the  mud  in  the  principal  street  of  the 
town.    For  weeks  at  a  time  it  was  often  necessary  for  all  travel 

(IM) 


IJlhi 


LK.; 


^MB  RANDOM  lUBCOLLDOTIONB 


to  be  on  horseback  becaiue  the  itneti  could  not  be  trarened 
by  vehiclei. 

The  oonunnnity  wu  a  highly  cultivated  une,  full  of  anti- 
■layery  enthusiasts  and  much  devoted  to  every  good  cause. 
It  was  regarded  as  a  station  on  the  "  underground  railroad  ** 
and  many  an  escaping  fugitive  slave  was  concealed  there  and 
conveyed  quietly  and  secretly  to  Canada.  It  was  known  all 
along  the  Missouri  border,  75  or  80  miles  away,  as  a  **  nigger- 
stealing  "  town  and  many  of  the  people  rejoiced  in  the  epithet. 
The  coll^  had  two  large  buildtngs  of  brick  with  studoits' 
rooms  in  one-story  wings  in  the  rear.  The  college  classes  were 
small  and  the  curriculum  was  the  good  old-fashioned  curricu- 
lum of  the  New  England  C!ollege.  The  faculty  had  a  president 
who  taught  philoeophy,  a  professor  of  mathematics  and  astron- 
omy, another  of  Qreek  and  Latin  and  another  of  chemistry  and 
the  natural  sciences.  There  was  also  a  principal  of  the 
academy  and  a  principal  of  a  female  seminary  which  was  really 
a  co-ordinate  part  of  the  school  with  a  three  years'  course  of 
study  for  graduation  and  d^rees  similar  to  the  degrees  given 
to  the  men.  There  was,  however,  no  co-education  except  in 
the  academy.  I  was  sent  to  the  academy  where  I  had  the  ad- 
vantage of  excellent  teachers.  At  the  age  of  4  years  I  had 
advapced  so  far  in  my  studies  that  in  1858  I  entered  Knox 
CoU^  where  I  spent  the  next  two  years.  When  I  had  com- 
pleted two  years  of  the  required  coU^  coo.  ,  an  unfortunate 
change  occurred  in  the  management  of  the  school  by  reason 
of  the  rivalry  of  two  religious  denominations  for  its  control. 
Feeling  ran  high  upon  both  sides  of  the  oostrove  tj,  and  partly 
from  this  cause  and  partly  from  health  conriderations  I  re- 
mained at  home  for  a  year,  and  improved  the  opportunity 
offered  by  my  freedom  from  study  to  teach  a  country  school. 


I: 


^n 


HKNRT  MILLS  RXTRD 


The  experience  wm  Talnable  but  KHnewhat  seTere,  largvly 
becAttw  of  the  hardihipt  of  coimtry  life. 

Meantime  the  Civil  War  had  broken  out,  the  whole  oom- 
mnnity  was  in  a  ferment,  and  great  excitement  prerailed.  I 
can  never  forget  the  general  lurpriM  at  the  failure  of  all 
attempts  at  settling  the  controversy  as  to  the  right  of  secession 
and  the  firing  upon  Fort  Sumter,  nor  the  call  to  arms  which 
came  to  every  community.  Tlie  catastrophe  at  Bull  Run  to 
the  Federal  Army  sent  a  thrill  of  despair  throughout  the  whole 
North  and  many  of  my  former  fellow  students  rushed  to  the 
colors,  many  of  whom,  alas !  never  returned. 

In  the  autumn  of  1861 1  went  to  the  University  of  Mtrb!?an 
at  Ann  Arbor  and  entered  the  junior  class,  graduating  in  1863. 
I  have  never  regretted  the  change  from  Knox  College.  It 
gave  me  a  wider  acquaintance  and  contact  with  a  large  number 
of  students  drawn  from  many  states.  The  instruction  was 
probably  no  better  than  at  Knox  College,  but  it  was  on  a  larger 
scale  and  afforded  more  stimulation  from  teachers  and  fel)'^  ^ 
students.  Greek  and  Latin  were  taught  by  experts,  not 
"  gerund-grinders,"  but  men  who  had  a  feeling  for  the  liter- 
ature of  Oreece  and  Home.  Tha  same  was  true  of  French  and 
German.  The  most  stimulating  influence,  however,  came  from 
Presid^t  Tappan  in  Philosophy,  Andrew  D.  White,  later 
president  of  Cornell  University,  in  History,  James  R.  Boise 
in  Greek  and  F  S.  Frieze  in  Latin.  I  can  never  forget  my 
indebtedness  to  these  men.  I  graduated  in  1863  in  a  class 
sadly  depleted  by  the  Civil  War. 

After  an  imperfect  course  of  instruction,  consisting  of 
reading  medicine  in  an  o£Bce  under  a  preceptor  and  two  courses 
of  medical  lectures,  one  at  Rush  Medical  College,  Chicago, 
and  another  at  the  University  of  Michigan,  I  graduated  in 

am 


JILIS  ■ 


BOMB  RANDOM  RBCOLLBOTIONS 


March,  18C6,  and  became  a  doctor  of  medicine.  Aftenrarda  I 
went  to  Philadelphia  to  answer  a  otU  to  enter  the  United  Statee 
Nayy  ai  a  medical  ofBcer,  but  waa  rejected  on  the  ground  of 
insufficient  health  and  vigor  to  endure  the  hardahipa  of  naval 
duty.  I  was  kindly  but  uncompromisingly  informed  by 
Surgeon  Folz,  the  chief  of  the  Board  of  Ezaminen,  that  it 
was  the  unanimous  opinion  of  the  board  that  if  I  were  ac- 
cepted for  duty  "  there  would  be  a  pension  ou  the  rolls  of  th« 
department  within  12  months  " — ^not  wholly  an  encouraging 
statement!  I  now  recognize  that  this  unkind  verdict  waa 
probably  one  of  the  best  piecM  of  good  fortune  I  ever  had. 

The  period  b.rvreen  1855  and  the  beginning  of  the  Civil 
War  in  1861  was  one  of  general  public  interest  in  moral  and 
social  questions.  The  extension  of  slavery  had  become  a  vital 
question  because  of  the  repeal  of  the  Missouri  Compromise  of 
1820,  principally  effected  through  the  efforts  of  Senator 
Douglas  of  Illinois,  which  had  thrown  open  Kansas,  Nebraska 
and  the  territories  north  and  west  of  them  to  the  extension  of 
negro  slavery  hitherto  prohibited.  There  was  great  excite- 
ment and  opposition  to  slavery  in  the  North  which  culminated 
in  the  organi2ation  of  the  so-called  Bepublican  party,  composed 
of  out-and-out  anti-slavery  men  and  more  conservative  Whigs. 
In  Illinois  the  feeling  was  hot  upon  both  sides  of  the  question, 
the  northern  portion  of  the  state  having  been  settled  by 
emignnts  from  New  England  and  the  Middle  States,  and 
the  southern  havin^  received  settlers  from  Kentucky,  Ten- 
nessee, Missouri,  and  Virginia,  states  in  which  the  institu- 
tion of  negro  slavery  existed.  The  new  political  party  had 
secured  tiie  electi<m  of  representatives  in  Congress  '"'*y  gener- 
ally in  the  North  and  the  political  parties  in  the  House  of 
Bepresentatives  and  Senate  were  nearly  equally  divided.    As 


■«m 


4 


"IBH." ''  ^111 


Bti'i.r  <K. 


■an 


fW 


HBNRT  MILLS  HURO 


W 


a  reault  of  this  political  excitement  in  the  year  1858  a  novel 
contest  between  two  candidates  for  the  United  States  Senate 
was  inaugurated  in  Illinois.  The  Democratic  State  Conven- 
tion had  nominated  as  the  candidate  of  the  party  for  election 
as  United  States  Senator,  Stephen  A.  Douglas,  while  the  Be- 
publican  Convention  had  nominated  Abraham  Lincoln.  These 
men  already  chosen  by  their  respective  parties  as  candidates 
for  the  senatorship  were  to  be  elected  not  by  popular  vote,  but 
by  representatives  and  senators  in  the  state  legislature  of 
Illinois  meeting  in  joint  session.  For  this  reason  great  excite- 
ment in  reference  to  the  election  existed  throughout  the  whole 
state,  as  it  depended  upon  the  votes  of  individual  representa- 
tives elected  in  the  different  counties  and  election  districts. 
An  active  campaign  therefore  began  in  the  early  sununer  and 
lasted  until  November.  Both  candidates  took  the  stump  and 
made  speeches  generally  at  conventions  or  in  couniy  seats  or 
at  mass  meetings  of  the  two  parties.  As  a  boy  of  15  I  fre- 
quently heard  Judge  Douglas  speak  in  the  open  air  to  members 
of  his  party  and  I  met  Abraham  Lincoln  upon  railroad  trains 
and  at  stations  or  hotels.  The  two  candidates  for  the  United 
States  Senate  early  arranged  for  seven  joint  debates  on  the 
issues  of  the  campaign.  One  of  these  was  held  at  Qalesburg 
on  October  7, 1858,  where  I  saw  and  heard  both  of  these  strong 
men  pitted  against  each  other  on  this  occasion.  It  was 
a  bright,  clear,  cold  October  day  which  had  followed  a  period 
of  warm  weather  and  rain.  The  streets  were  gaily  decorated 
with  the  banners  of  both  parties  and  there  were  processions 
and  demonstrations  in  abundance  in  the  morning  hours. 
Owing  to  a  severe  north  wind  it  w&a  impossible  to  have 
the  speeches  in  a  large  tent  which  had  been  prepared  and  con- 
sequently the  crowd  gathered  in  the  shelter  of  a  large  college 

(ISO) 


Charles  Hurd,       ^ 
and  Henry  M.  Hurd 
aged  27,  April.  1870. 

Galesburg,  111. 


Henry  M.  Hurd, 

aged  31,  In  1874. 

Chicago,  111. 


i 


if 

I? 


f 


Is 


jifjtrt.ism,, 


SOME  RANDOM  RBCOLLaXTTIONB 


bailding  and  was  clotiely  packed  together  to  the  number  of 
15,000  or  20,000  persons.  The  opraiing  speech  was  made  by 
Stephoi  A.  Douglas  and  occupied  an  hour.  His  voice  was 
unusually  well  suited  for  public  speaking.  He  was  a  short, 
thick-set  man  of  great  energy  and  force  of  character  who  was 
extremely  popular  with  his  party  and  was  aUe  to  play  up<m 
their  emotions  and  prejudices  to  a  ranarkable  degree.  His 
speech  was  largely  a  defense  of  his  course  in  tidvocating  the 
repeal  of  the  Missouri  Compromise  and  a  vindication  of  his 
doctrine  of  **  Squatter  Sovereignty  *  by  which  every  state  was 
to  be  free  to  setUe  whether  or  not  slavery  should  be  extended  to 
it  or  rejected.  ^  He  strongly  doionnced  his  opponent  and  the 
party  which  he  represented  because  it  was  a  sectional  party 
with  its  members  almost  wholly  in  the  northern  states  and  not 
like  his  own  party  represented  in  evoy  portion  of  the  Union. 
He  further  made  the  charge  that  his  opp(mait,  Abraham 
Lincoln,  had  prepared  for  presentation,  ^  a  meeting  in  the 
northern  portion  of  the  state,  a  series  oi  resolnticms  doiounc- 
ing  slavery  and  favoring  the  dissolution  of  the  Union  rather 
than  a  condition  half-slave  and  half-free  throughout  the 
United  States.  Douglas*  speech  was  received  with  great 
enthusiasm  by  his  party.  Throughout  his  address  Mr.  Lincoln 
sat  upon  the  stage  wrapped  in  an  old-fashioned  woolen  shawl 
and  was  apparentiy  unmoved  by  the  d«iunciationa  ci  his 
opponent.  When  he  arose  to  speak  his  unusual  height  and  th« 
slendemess  of  his  figure  attracted  univenal  attention.  He 
itocd  head  and  shoulders  above  all  others  about  him  and  his 
head  appeared  quite  too  small  for  the  height  of  his  body.  His 
Toic^  sithougfa  dear  and  poietrating,  did  not  possess  the 
oratorical  qualities  of  his  oppoiait,  but  it  was  easily  heard  by 
the  vast  audience  and  seuned  admirably  adi^pted  for  clear. 


'■■  » 


HBNRT  MIIXS  HURD 


convincing  argument  rather  than  for  denunciation  and  vita- 
peration.     He  began  by  saying  pleasantly  that  he  did  not 
intend  to  reply  at  length  to  his  opponent's  charge  as  to  the 
resolutions  passed  in  a  distant  part  of  the  state,  because  he  had 
already  explained  on  two  occasions  that  he  was  not  in  that 
part  of  the  state  at  the  time,  that  he  had  not  prepared  the 
resolutions,  and  that  he  knew  nothing  about  them.    He  made 
this  explanation,  he  said,  to  show  why  he  did  not  devote  him- 
self more  to  the  matter,  but  wished  to  conserve  his  time  so  that 
he  might  press  his  own  argument.   He  stated,  however,  that  he 
did  not  blame  Judge   Douglas  for  presenting  his  charge 
against  him  for  the  third  time,  as  he  believed  it  to  be  good  cam- 
paign material  on  the  Judge's  part.   The  Judge  in  this  matter 
reminded  him  of  the  fisherman's  wife  whose  husband  was 
brought  home  drowned.     After  examining  his  pockets  and 
finding  that  they  contained  several  eels  she  said,  "  Oh !  my 
poor  husband  is  dead,  take  out  the  eels  and  set  him  again." 
This  was  followed  by  a  roar  of  laughter  from  the  audience  and 
it  was  evident  to  all  that  Senator  Douglas'  charges  had  been 
sufficiently  answered. 

Mr.  Lincoln  spoke  for  an  hour  and  a  half  and  was  followed 
by  Senator  Douglas  in  a  summing  up  of  half  an  hour.  The 
proceedings  excited  much  interest  in  both  parties  and  there 
was  much  eiithusiasm  and  general  good  feeling  among  all  who 
gathered  to  hear  them.  The  speeches  were  subsequently 
gathered  into  a  volume  and  circulated  by  the  friends  of 
Abraham  Lincoln  as  campaign  material,  a  fact  that  would 
seem  to  indicate  that  they  put  a  greater  value  upon  his 
utterances  than  their  opponents  did  upon  those  of  Senator 
Douglas.  Wher.  the  election  occurred  in  November  the 
party  of  Senator  Douglas  secured  a  majority  of  the  membeis 

(1S2) 


BOMB  RANDOM  RBCOLLBCTIONS 


of  the  Houae  of  Delegates  and  the  State  Senate  and  Senator 
Douglas  was  reelected. 

No  person  unfamiliar  with  the  eitraordinary  political  ex- 
citement preceding  the  Civil  War  can  have  any  conception  of 
the  amount  of  oratory  which  was  heard  thronghont  the  state 
of  Illinois  during  the  next  four  years.  It  was  my  privilege 
to  listen  to  many  speeches  from  able  and  eloquent  men,  ensh 
men  as  Judge  Trumbull,  John  Wentworth,  Owen  l4>vejoy, 
Emory  Storrs,  Kobert  IngersoU,  Bichard  Yates  and  many 
others. 

In  Galesburg,  as  I  have  said  before,  a  strong  anti-alaveiy 
sentiment  existed.  Clergymen  preached  against  n^ro  slavery 
from  their  pulpits  and  did  not  hesitate  to  denounce  the  Demo- 
cratic party  because  it  was  thought  to  be  devoted  to  the  exten- 
sion of  slavery.  On  one  occasion  I  heard  Jonathan  Blanchard, 
a  clergyman  of  unusual  ability  as  a  public  speaker,  after  de- 
nouncing certain  practices  in  tiie  community  which  he  thonght 
to  be  detrimental  to  its  welfare,  say:  "If  this  continues  we 
shall  go  from  worse  to  worse  until  finally  even  our  very 
children  will  become  Democrats,'*  conveying  the  impression 
that  there  could  be  no  degradation  equal  to  that. 

It  is  interesting  to  recall  how  through  what  was  known  as 
the  "  lecture  system  "  it  had  become  possible  for  people  in  re- 
mote communities  to  hear  lectures  and  addresses  from  persons 
of  more  than  usual  ability  in  politics  or  literature.  In 
almost  every  important  town,  east  and  west,  lecture  courses 
were  given  under  the  supervision  of  a  local  committee  who 
usually  were  filled  with  a  desire  to  promote  the  education  and 
welfare  of  the  public,  and  rarely  expected  to  receive  any  pecu- 
niary return  for  their  woric,  but  felt  amply  repaid  by  the  liter- 
ary treat  thus  offered  to  them.   The  lecturers  had  a  hard  time 

(1S8) 


HBINRT  MILLS  HURD 


.  ' ..  i 


<rf  it,  a  3  t.d^  ri^rd  iTviTel  was  sloir  and,  in  the  absence  of  Pnllnuui 
con,  veiy  uncomfortable.  Coontiy  roads  were  generally  bed, 
hotda  were  poor,  and  the  lectures  were  usually  given  in 
diurches  or  badly  ventilated  and  uncomfortable  crowded  public 
halls.  To  a  growing  boy,  however,  it  was  a  great  opportumty 
to  hear  men  who  wero  in  the  public  eye  and  were  wtXL  known 
tiuoughout  the  country  as  political  leaders  or  literary  men.  I 
remember,  for  example,  hearing  Wendell  Phillips  lecture  upon 
**  Lost  Arts  "  and  was  wonderfully  impressed  by  the  quiet  dig- 
nity of  the  man  and  his  eloquence  as  a  speaker.  I  also  heard  on 
many  oocasi(ms  John  B.  Gouj^,  the  well-known  temperance 
advocate,  whose  lectures  wero  most  dramatic  and  stimulating. 
Bayard  Taylor  <m  several  occasions  came  to  town  and  gave 
lectures  on  his  travels  abroad.  I  once  heard  him  lectun  on  his 
trip  to  the  North  Cape  in  the  winter  time.  Henry  Ward 
Beecher  was  also  one  of  the  lecturors  and  had  a  great  control 
oiw&c  ac  andimoe  by  reason  of  his  eloquence  and  remarkable 
voice.  Horace  Greely  gave  a  lecture  upon  his  trip  overland  by 
stage  to  the  Pacific  Ooast,  and  described  in  a  shrill,  unihetor- 
ical  v<noe,  but  in  a  charming  narrative,  his  adventures  in  con- 
nection with  the  trip.  I  remember  also  hearing  George 
Sumner,  a  relative  of  Charles  Sumner,  deliver  an  interest- 
ing lecture  upon  his  travels  in  Spain.  Sir  Henzy  Vane,  a 
noted  Knglishman,  gave  a  lecture  up(m  "  Cromwell  and  His 
Times."  There  were  many  others,  but  these  will  serve  to 
indicate  tiie  dumuter  of  the  lectures  and  their  influence 
upon  the  social  life  of  the  community.  There  were  few  other 
entertainments  except  local  concerts  or  gatherings  of  a  rdig- 
ious  or  political  character.  It  is  difficult  to  overestimate  the 
influence  of  the  Lyceum  system  up(«  the  growing  boy  or  the 
young  student  at  this  time.   I  oftcai  think  that  the  disccntinu- 

(is*) 


k\ 


Jf-  ? 


itmm 


BOMB  RANDOM  RBCOLLBCTION8 


ance  of  the  ^stem  has  bem  a  serioiu  loss  especiaUy  to  new 
oommunities. 

Ill 

In  May,  1870,  wbile  living  in  Chicago,  I  received  an  invi- 
tation to  Kalamazoo,  Mich.,  to  act  as  a  medical  officer  in  the 
State  Hospital  for  the  Insane,  which  had  been  in  operation 
since  1869  under  the  charge  of  Dr.  E.  H.  Van  Densen,  a  man 
of  great  abilil^  and  experience.  I  expected  to  remain  during 
the  summer  only,  but  became  so  much  interested  in  the  woric 
that  I  accepted  a  permanent  appointment  and  remained  in 
Kalamazoo  eight  years.  I  was  later  given  charge  of  the  «i*1e 
department  of  the  hospital,  which  was  then  housed  in  a  new 
building  as  a  separate  institution,  and  remained  there  during 
the  final  four  years.  In  1878  I  became  assistant  superinten- 
dent of  the  hospital,  but  resigned  in  a  few  wedro  to  assume 
charge  of  the  Eastern  Michigan  Hospital  for  the  Insane 
at  Pontiac,  which  had  been  established  for  the  care  of  the 
insane  in  the  eastern  portion  of  the  state.  This  institution 
I  opoied,  organized  and  conducted  for  11  years,  or  until  1889. 

In  June,  1889, 1  received  an  appointmoit  as  superintendent 
of  The  Johns  Hopkins  Hospital  at  Baltimore  and  assumed  the 
duties  of  this  position  August  1  of  the  same  year.  This 
position  I  held  until  August,  1911,  a  period  of  22  years.  Upon 
my  retirement  I  became  Secretary  of  the  Board  of  Trustees 
of  The  Johns  Hof^ns  Hospital. 


<135> 


-,i    < 


m. 

'  1} 


•IN  '; 


^i^i 


IgUB^ 


BIBUOORAPHT 


BIBLIOGBAPHY 

ov 

HENBY  MILLS  HTIBD,  M.  D.,  LL.  D. 


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1888 

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(18T) 


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it 


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w-i 


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^•.*A*f-**'  recorery  fro«i  inaanltr.    Am.  J.  Inaan..  UUca.  N.  Y. 
1886-87,  xllll,  848-265.  ^^        ^  * 

^•-*?i?"^»y!^  «'  >"<*»««««•    Proc.  Nat  Confer.  Char.,  Bort., 
1887,  ZlT,  216-220. 

1888 

Oaatrie,  eeeretonr  and  other  crisea  In  general  paresis.    Am.  J 
Insan..  UUca,  N.Y.,  1887-88.  xUt.  60-66. 

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Hard,  H.  M.  ft  ChrlsUan.  B.  A.    The  nlUmate  resnlts  In  a  case  of 
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1888 
^"'^"*J«^**»  *»~»**y-   ^^'J-  IM«-.  UUca,  N.  Y.,  188848,  ilT, 

First  rep<nt  of  the  saperintendent  of  The  Johns  Hopkins  Hospital 

J(dms  Hopkins  Press.    47  p.    8».  #  »— 

Atoo;  Jcdins  Ht^klns  Hosp.  Bull.,  Bait,  1889-90,  1,  77-89. 

A  case  of  toeWety  with  Insanity;  wltii  ronarks.    Am.  J.  Insan., 
UUca,  N.  Y.,  1889-90,  xItI,  61-70.  *«■«•, 

The  relation  <rf  the  Training  Seho(d  toe  Nurses  to  The  J<dins  Hop- 
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The  relaUon  of  the  general  hospital  to  the  medical  profession. 
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(188) 


ill'  I 


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Journal  dabs.   Am.  J.  Insan..  Utlea.  R  T.,  IMl-M.  slrlU.  tTMTL 

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ItM 

Foorth  rmort  of  the  superintendent  ef  The  Johns  Hopkins  Ho»> 
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(IM) 


%'■ 


B 


HBNBT  MII4L8  KURD 


omnmamo  rativ* 
ity.  October  14, 


0«or|»  HoBtlnftOB  W  tlamr  Th«>  mlontM  of 
OMettBc  held  ta  the  Joiuu  Hopkins  Uatv* 
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1S»5 

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and 


<m 


Pti 


The  alleDista  c  the  p&jt  half  oentary.     Proft    %m.  V    i.  PeyAi 
Am.,  1894,  btiai.  N.  Y.,  1896. 1,  167-171 


189« 

Beventh  report  <>f  the  snperlntendent  of  T 
pltAk  for  the  year  ending  January  31, 
Johns  Hopkins  Preie.    69  p.    8*. 


lohuA  Hr>i 
'.    Be" 


iOSB 
M.    "   ie 


The  new  McLean  Hoi^lt 


Am 


Labont  lories  and  hospital  work. 
18»5-6.  11.  4SS495. 


.  In:-  ''n.,  Chicaro.    H96-     U 
Bull.     iB.  Ar    i  M    Baste-     'a^ 


Paran(>  a    Maryland  M.  J.,  Bait     i896    jtx     I-4 
Alto    iAbat]  Virginia  M.  St nii-Month.,  I  chmond,  ]  :»6  .,  .   ,t>S. 


Eighth  report  of  tlie 
pltal  for  the  yeat 
J<dtna  Hopkhu  Pr 

Hospital  organization 
ing  School  tor  r 
February  17, 18S" 

Hi    d,  H.  M.,  Burr.  C     . 

statisTicai  tabieis, 
olatioa.    Am.  J   In 


i»7 

p*'rlm     dent  of  The      uns  Hopk  us  Hoe- 
llBf  jaai-  r    ?  .  18».      Rait.,  18^7.    The 

.    88  r      ■-. 

d  ma:.         jnt        drs      lef ore  the  Train- 
ees t>  Tjn,     -ajty     f  PennarlTanla, 
UnlT.  A.        ig..  Phi-     1896-7.  ix,  48    500. 


*  Wise,  P  M. 

the  Amer;  ar 
m.,  Chicago 

(140) 


«P«  rt  ci  th 

edico-PPvCi 
0-7,  UU,  106 


tmmittee  <« 


^■BB 


u  uw 


BIBUOORAPHT 


Hard,  U  M .  *  dupln.  J.  B.  Baport  on  th«  hocpluia  of  Um  Dtetriet 
of  (kdambla.  To  the  Joint  Select  C!ommitt««  to  InTWttgat* 
the  charltlea  and  reformatory  InBtitutlonn  In  tbe  District  ot 
Columbia.  Waahlnfton,  1S97. 

IMS 

Ninth  report  of  tha  ■aparlntandent  of  The  Jobua  Hopkins  Hospital 
for  tha  year  endlof  January  81,  1898.  Ealt.,  1898.  The  Johns 
Hopkins  Presa.    91  p.    8*. 

Thi     ledioa  aarrioa  of  hoepltala.   Albany  M.  Ann..  1898.  zlx,  187- 


(Proe.  Johns  Hopklna 
Johns  Hoptrln^  Hosp. 


Tha  non-medical  treatment  ot  epilepsy. 
Hoep   Med.  Soc,  Norember  7,  1898) 
B«"     ^alt,  1898,  Ix,  296-297. 
Alfo  yland  M.  J.,  Bait,  1898-9,  xl.  &3. 

1899 

Tenth  re  >ort  of  the  superintendent  r  The  Johns  Hopkins  Hos- 
pital for  the  year  ending  January  31,  1899.  Bait.  1S99.  Tha 
Johns  Hopkins  Pr«us.    92  p.    8°. 

Post-operatlTS  insanities  and  anuetaeted  tendencies  to  mental 
dis^iise.    Am.  J.  Obst.  N.  T..  1899,  xzzlx.  381-3S5. 

Presidential  address.    The  teaching  ta  jwyehlatry.    Dalirered  at 
the     anual  meeting  of  the  American  Madieo-Piyeholoslcal 
Af      ;at,«B  at  "'w  York,  May  23,  1899.     Proa  Am.  Med. 
.tA.,  Asa..  lot)9.  Tl,  79-92. 
Ah         >hns  Hopkins  Hosp.  BuU.,  Bait,  1899,  z,  20S-209. 
J.  Insao..  Bait.  1899-1900,  M.  217-230. 

1900 

Sleyenti  t  of  the  superintendent  of  The  Johns  Hopkins  Hoa- 

pita  ae  year  ending  January  81.  1900.    Bait,  1900.    The 

Johxis  Hopkins  Press.    114  p.    8*. 

Memorial  addresses  In  honor  ot  William  Whitney  Qoddfng,  M.  D., 
LL.  D.  Delirered  before  the  Utdieal  Society  of  the  District  ia 
Columbia,  June  7,  1899.  Nat  M.  Rer..  Waah.,  1899-1900.  ix, 
874-377. 

Hospitals,  dispensaries  and  nursing.  (American  philanthropy  ot 
the  nineteenth  century).  Char.  Rer.,  N.  T.,  1900,  x.  298-806: 
817-381, 

Hospital  construction  from  a  medical  standpoint  BrlckbuHder. 
Boat,  1900.  ix.  248. 

(141) 


dl 


i  ■  t     i 


■'I  I 
41 


HBITRY  MII4LS  HUKD 


1901 

Twelfth  report  of  the  snperintendent  of  The  Johns  HopUns  Ho»- 
pital  foTtho  year  ending  January  81.  IML  Bait,  190L  The 
Johns  Hopkins  Press.    114  p.    8*. 


Reseptlon  hospitals  for  cases  of  aeate  insanity. 
Des  Moines.  1901.  ill.  88^. 


Bull.  Iowa  Inst, 


1908 
Thirteenth  repcwt  of  the  snperintendent  of  The  JohM  HopUns 
Hospital  for  the  year  ending  January  81,  1908.    Bait,  1908. 
The  Johns  Hopkins  Press.    118  p.    8*. 

The  educated  nurse  and  her  future  work.  Address  dellrered  at 
the  graduating  exercises  of  the  Training  School  of  theOar- 
fleld  Hospital,  Washington,  D.  C;  and  similarly  at  the  Tnln- 
ing  School  of  the  Methodist  Bplsoopal  Hospital,  Brooklyn. 
N.  T.   Baltimwe  [1902],  Friedenwald  Ca,  14  p.  8*. 

Psydilatry  in  the  twenUeth  century.  Address  at  the  form^  open- 
ing of  the  new  hospital  buUdlng  at  Morris  PUins,  New  Jersey, 
NoTcmber  80, 1901.    Albany  M.  Ann.,  1908,  sxiii.  186-180. 

1908 

Fourteenth  report  of  the  superintendent  o«  T^,*  Jo^i"  ,?®R^ 
Hospital  for  the  year  ending  January  81,  1908.  Bait,  190S. 
The  Johns  Hopkins  Press.    110  p.   8*. 

The  future  policy  of  Maryland  in  the  care  of  her  insane.  Maryland 
M  J..  Bait,  1908.  xItI,  4U4. 

The  duty  and  responsibility  of  the  UniTorsity  in  jnedi^  education. 
Sdenoe.  N.  T.  ft  Lancaster,  Pa..  1908,  n.  s.,  xrUi,  66-70. 
Alto:  Tale  M.  J.,  1908-4,  x,  1-17. 


I 


•'  1  I 


\    5 


1904 

Fifteenth  report  of  the  superintendent  d  Jhe  Johns  Hopl^ 
Hospital  for  the  year  ending  January  81,  1904.  Bait,  1904. 
The  Johns  H(q>kins  Press.    130  p.    8*. 

Is  nursing  a  prof  »r«ion?   Albany  M.  Ann..  1904,  xzt.  6M-6S7. 

1906 

Sixteenth  report  of  the  superintendent  of  The  Johns  Hopkins  Ho»> 
pital  for^e  year  ending  January  81.  1906.  Bait,  1906.  Tte 
Johns  H(q>klns  Press.   188  p.   8*. 

(143) 


BIBUOORAPHT 


John  Howard's  obMrmttons  on  hoBpltala  (1779-1790).  (Proe.  JAua 
Hopkins  Hosp.  Mad.  Soc.  October  8S,  1906).    Johns  Hopkins 
Hosp.  BnU.,  B«lt,  1908,  xrl.  4U418. 
AJw:  Tr.  Ass.  Hosp.  Supcrintoid.,  1906,  Tit,  167-166. 


Bssponse  to  Dr.  Cheeror's  "  Addrsss  at  wsloome."   Tr.  Ass.  Ho«. 
Superlntaid..  19M,  tU,  604». 

1906 

8«T«it«enth  ropwt  of  the  superintendent  ci  TheJohu  Ho^dns 
Hospital  tat  the  year  ending  Jannary  81,  1906.  Bait.  1906. 
The  J<Ans  Hopkins  Press.  126  p.  6*. 
Shan  training  sdiools  tor  nurses  be  endowed?  An  address  da- 
llTored  before  the  Training  Sehoid  for  Nurses  of  Lakeside  Hos- 
pital, aereland.  May  11. 1906.  Am.  J.  Norslns.  PhUan  1*084, 
▼1,  84S-86I. 

Aim:  Nat  Hosp.  Hec,  Detroit  1906,  x.  18-99^ 

aim;  Brtt  J.  Nursing  [ete.],  Lond.,  1906,  zmil,  f»-rvt. 

The  niedf.««l  organlsatlai  of  gennral  hospitals.  Tr.  Am.  H«q^  Asa.. 

1906,  Till.  7948.  

Alto:  Nat  Hosp.  Ree..  Detroit,  1906,  z.  14-16. 

1908 

Nineteenth  report  of  the  superintendent  of  The  Johns  Hopkins 

Hospital  for  the  year  widlng  January  81.  1908.    The  J<dins 

Hcvklns  Press.   188  p.   8*. 
The  proper  length  of  the  period  of  training  tor  nurses.    Am.  J. 

Nursing,  Phlla..  1908.  Till,  671-688. 
Bow  ean  psydilatry  asalst  prerantlTe  medicine?     (Bditorlal). 

Am.  J.  Pub.  Hjv..  Boston,  1908.  xrill,  878-878. 
Piydiiatry  as  a  part  of  i^reraatlTe  medicine.    Proe.  Am.  Med.- 

PsychoL  Ass..  Bait.  1908,  xt.  167-164. 
Also:  Am.  J.  Insan.,  Bait,  19084,  ter.  17-84. 
Also;  N.  Albany  M.  Herald,  1910,  zzrlll,  104-108. 
In  memoriam.  Daniel  Cott  Oilman.  1881-1908.    Address.    Johns 

HopkinB  UntT.  Clr&.  Bait.  1908,  zzvll.  80-88. 

1909 

Twentieth  rwort  of  the  superintendent  of  The  Johns  Hoi^lns 
Hospital  tat  ttie  year  ending  January  81.  1909.  Bait,  UO*. 
The  J(^M  Ho^dns  Press.   188  p.   8*. 

mate  registration  and  the  eduflatfcm  of  nurses  In  ^  UBltad  States. 
Nursing  Mirror,  Land.,  1*084.  n.  a..  vUl.  87-88;  68. 


^ff 


■it ; 

I., 


HENRT  MILLS  HI7RD 


1  i 


,1, 


In  memoriam,  WilUam  Keith  Brooka,  1848-1908.  Addr«M  Johai 
Hopkins  UnlT.  Clre.,  Biat.,  1909.  zzrUl,  6-9. 

1910 

Twenty-first  report  of  the  eoperlntendent  of  The  Johns  Hcvldns 
Hospital  for  the  year  ending  January  81,  1910.  Bait,  1910. 
The  Johns  Hopkins  PrewS.   128  p.    8*. 

CkH>peratlon  among  hospitals.  A  paper  presented  to  the  Pitts- 
burgh Health  Conference,  Norember  80,  1910,  as  a  part  of 
a  symposium  on  "  CoK>peratlon." 

Memorial  serrloes  for  Isabel  Hampton  Robb,  who  died  April  IB, 
1910,  at  aereland,  Ohio.  Remarks.  Johns  Hopkins  Hosp. 
BuU.,  Bait,  1910,  zzi.  251-262. 

Florence  Nig'itlngale— a  force  In  medicine.  AddrMS  at  the  gradu- 
ating exercises  of  the  Nurses  Training  School  of  the  Johns 
Hopkins  Hospital.  May  19  1910.  Johns  Hopkins  Nurses 
Alumna  Mag.,  Bait,  1910,  Ix,  68-81. 

1911 

Twenty-second  report  of  the  superintendent  of  The  Johns  Hopkins 
Hospital  for  the  year  ending  January  81.  1911.  Bait,  1911. 
The  Johns  Hopkins  Preos.    109  p.    8*. 

The  medical  service  of  a  hospital  In:  Hospital  management  a 
handbook  for  hospital  trustees,  superintendents  [etc.] 
(Aikens).  PhUa.  ft  Lond.,  1911,  97-107. 

A  history  of  Instltutiimal  care  of  the  insane  in  the  United  SUtes 

and  Canada.    Am.  J.  Insan..  Bait,  1910-11.  Izril.  687-692. 

Also:  Proa  Am.  Med.-PsychoL  Ass..  Bait,  1910.  zrii,  488-488. 

The  site  of  the  Johns  Hopkins  HospltaL  A  paper  presented  to  the 
Johns  Hopkins  Historical  Club  and  repeated  to  the  Teresians 
in  December.  1910.  Johns  Hopkins  Nurses  Alnmnis  Mag., 
Bait.  1911.  X.  6-20. 

The  proper  rdatlcn  of  the  superintendent  to  the  trustees  of  a 
hospital   Tr.  Am.  Hosp.  Ass.,  1910,  Tonmto.  1911,  xil,  244-248. 

1912 

The  proper  dlTlsion  of  the  serrioes  of  the  hospital  Read  In  tb3 
symposium  on  the  relations  of  the  hoepital  to  the  public  in  the 
section  on  hospitals  of  the  American  Medical  Association,  at 
the  sixty-third  annual  session,  held  at  Atlanf'  Hity,  June. 
1912.   J.  Am.  M.  Ass.,  Chicago.  1912,  lix.  16771C 

(144) 


BIBUOORAPHT 


[HMpital  problems.]  Praddoitua  addraM  at  the  fourteenth 
>niiiy*i  eonfereaee  of  the  Amerlean  Hospital  Aieoelation.  In- 
temat  Hoep.  Ree.,  Detroit.  1>12.  xri,  S-U. 
AUq:  Tr.  An.  Hoep.  Saperintand.,  MIS,  ttf,  8S48. 
MfMng  in  behalf  of  the  laabAI  Hampton  Robb  Memorial  Fond. 
Remarks.  Johns  Hopkins  Norses  Alumna  Mac,  Bait,  1912, 
si.  16-19. 

Itlt 

Three-ooarters  of  a  oentnry  of  instltational  ears  cf  the  insane  in 
the  United  SUtes.   Am.  J.  Insan..  Bait,  1912-18,  Iziz.  469-I8L 

BxtraeU  from  the  laws  of  Marylead  and  Virginia  regarding  the 

early  eare  of  the  insane.    BnlL  Mad.  ft  Chir.  Fao.  Maryland, 

Bait,  1918-18,  T,  8648. 
Barly  days  of  The  Johnp  Hopkins  Hospital  and  Medieal  SchooL 

Johns  H(vkins  Aluaaii  Mag..  Bait,  1918-18,  i,  106-U4. 
The  hospital  as  a  factor  is  modem  society.    (Editorial).    Mod. 

Hoqt.,  8t  Lonis,  l;^^^.-  i,  88. 
Hospitals  and  the  reform  of  medical  teadiing.    (EdiUvial).   Mod. 

Hosp.,  St  Louis.  1913, 1, 18M88. 
Review  of  "A  History  of  Norsing."     Johns  H(9kins  Norses 

AhiBUUB  Mac  Bait,  191».  zii,  91-94. 


(Bditorial). 


Mod.  Hosp.,  Bt  Lonis, 


Hospital  medical  ststisties. 

1914, 11, 4446. 
The  small  hospital  a  fketiv  in  medical  edocatlon.     (Bditorial). 

Mod.  Hosp.,  St  Loois,  1914. 11, 104-106. 
Mental  cases  in  general  hospitals.    (Bditorial).    Mod.  Hosp.,  St 

Loois,  1914. 11. 178. 

The  homan  side  of  Florence  Nightingale.  (Bditorial).  Mod.Hov.. 

St  Loois,  1914, 11,  884. 
State  registration  at  nnrses.  Mod.  Hosp..  St  Loois,  1914,  ill,  107; 

187. 
Or.  Rnpert  Nwton.    (Bditorial).   Mod.  Ho^p.,  St  Loois,  1914,  iU, 

108-109. 
Borne  <tf  the  writings  of  the  late  Bngene  Faantleroy  CordelL   BolL 

Med.  ft  C!hir.  Fae.  Maryland,  Bait,  191M4,  tI.  116-119. 

Relation  of  the  gsnwral  hospital  to  the  training  school  for  norses. 
Boston  M.  ft  a  Jh  1814.  dzs.  8^8487. 

(14B) 


^'^\  : 


HENRT  MILLS  HVRD 


Tw«nt74lftli  aiuilTerMry  of  The  Johns  Hopkiu  HospitaL  1999- 
1914.  AddreuL  Johns  Hopkins  Hosp.  Boll..  Bait,  1914.  zzr, 
SS6-869. 

Prasentatlon  ot  Ubtots.  portrait  and  medallion  at  the  Honital 
October  7,  1914.    Remarks.    Johns  Hopkins  Hospital  BolL, 


Bait.  1914.  SET.  S6M69. 

Hold.  H.  M..  MeOaw,  W.  D.  [et  al.1  Johns  H<vklns  Historieal 
Club.  Special  meeting.  Majr  26,  1918,  In  memory  of  Dr.  John 
Shaw  Billings.  Johns  Hopkins  Hotp.  BolL.  Bait.  1914..  xzr, 
S44-I6S. 


II 


i    ! 


!■ 


h 


,1 


1915 

Hospital  organisation  and  management  Ret.  Handb.  Med.  Se.. 
N.  T..  8d  ed..  1916,  T.  299-aiL 

The  treatment  of  mental  eases  in  general  hospitals.  (Bditwial). 
Mod.  Hosp.,  St  Loais,  1915,  It,  84-35. 

The  general  gOTomment  of  state  hospitals.  Mod.  Hosp..  St  Louis, 
1916.  It.  944-945. 

OrganiaatloB  and  administration  of  hospitals  for  the  insane.  (Edi- 
torial).   Mod.  Hoep..  St  Louis,  1915.  ir.  258. 

Oni^t  training  schools  for  norses  to  be  endowed?  (Bditorlal). 
Johns  Hopkins  Norses  AlomiiA  Mag..  Bait.  1916.  ziT.  9-8. 

The  eartjr  years  of  The  Johns  Hopkins  HospitaL  Johns  Hopkins 
NorsM  Alomna  Mag..  Bait,  1915,  zir,  7549. 

Forty-llTe  years  ago  and  now.  An  address  before  the  Training 
Sehotd  for  Norses  at  the  Sheppard  and  Bnooh  Pratt  Hospital, 
May  19,  1915.  Johns  Hopkins  Norses  Alomna  Mag.,  Bait, 
1915,  zlT,  256-964. 

The  eare  of  eases  of  mental  disease  in  general  hospitals.  Tr.  Am. 
Hoep.  Ass.,  1916,  xrii,  455468. 
Alto;  Mod.  Hosp.,  St  Loois.  1916.  T.  88-85. 

1916 

Hord,  H.  M..  Drewry.  W.  P.  let  ol.]  The  instltotional  care  of  the 
insane  In  the  United  States  and  Canada.  8  r..  Bait.  1816,  Johns 
Hopkins  Prws.   8*. 


medieal 


Nathan  Smith.  Nathan  R.  Smith,  and  Alan  P.  Smith- 
family.    Maryland  M.  J..  Bait,  1916.  liz.  5649. 
Also:   BolL  Med.  *  Chir.  Fae.  M&ryland.  Bait,  1915-16,  viU. 
157-168. 

(14«) 


m 


*rr.W-  !t?ri^g#ji----3S^.r~.-r?.tia.  1.-.1-:  j.4 


---rrriiMaii«i 


BIBUOOBAPHT 


Mod.  Help., 
Mod.  Hoip.,  8t 


AddrcM  <m  Ui«  oeeulon  of  th*  optnlns  of  tho  Jobn  HQlm«r  Fn- 
oh(»«tlile  BnildlBg  at  Sprlngllald  SUto  Hoqpltal.  on  Jwm  9, 
Itli   Muyhuid  PijrobUt  Q.,  Bait.  1»16-1«,  t..  M4S. 

NMd  of  Mcrcftlon  of  Imbodlo  womoa.  Mairlaad  PijrQhlat  Q., 
Biat.,  191S-1«.  ▼.  tM7. 

lUport  of  oommlttM  on  a  hlttory  of  "Tho  Imtltatlonal  Oar*  of 

the  InMno  In  tho  United  Btatea  and  Canada."   Am.  J.  Inian., 

Utlca,  N.  T.,  1915-ie,  Ixxll,  17M77. 
Some  sonroea  of  trietlon  In  the  management  of  lioepltala.    (Sdt> 

torial).   Mod.  Heap.,  St  Looia,  191«,  t1,  S041. 
Another  aoaroe  of  trioti<m  in  hoapital  admintctration.  (Bditorial). 

Mod.  Hoip..  St  Lonia,  1916.  vi.  lU. 
Wlto  ahall  manage  the  training  aehool  for  noraeaT 

St  Looia.  1916.  Ti.  114-llS. 
AdTantagea  of  the  bndget  lyatem.    (Bditorial). 

Looia.  1916.  Ti,  186. 

1917 

Hard.  H.  M..  Drewry.  W.  F.  let  oil    The  instltational  ear;  of  Uje 

inaane  in  the  United  Stataa  and  Canada.   VoL  It.  Bait.  1917, 

Johna  H<q^kina  Preaa.    659  p..  8*. 
Johna  Hivkina  and  aome  of  liia  ecmtamporarlaa.    J<dua  Hopklna 

Ban.  BolL.  Bait.  1917.  zxrlli.  »6-299. 
State  hoapitala  and  agrieoltoral  pr^aredneaa.  (Bditorial).  Mod. 

Hoap..  St  Looia.  1917.  Iz,  84. 

Borfcet  W.  C.  BiU  •aphy  of  William  H.  Weleh.  M.  D;.  l-L^ 
With  fbrewocd  W  Henry  M.  Hard.  Bait,  1917.  Johna  Hopklna 
PreM.  47  p.,  4*. 

1919 

A  BketA  of  Dr.  Lyman  Ctaalding.    Johna  HopUna  Heap.  BolL, 
Bait.  1919.  zxz.  186-189. 
aim;  Bon.  Med.  Uhrary  Aaa.,  Bait,  1918-19.  yHi.  8M8. 

Some  early  reminiaeenoea  of  William  Oaler.  J.  H.  Heap.  BalL, 
1919.  818. 

Sir  inniam  Oaler  and  TlM  Jidina  HopUna  Ho9itaL  ContrlbotlaBS 
to  Medical  and  Birtogical  Beaeareh.  Dadieated  to  Or  WlUiam 
Oaler.  Bart.  M.  D.,  F.  R.  S.  in  honor  <tf  hia  aarwtlath  birth- 
day. Joly  IS.  1919.   By  hia  poplla  and  eo-wortara.  Y^  8. 


(147) 


^^a^ay>>. 


